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Basic Principles of PACS Networking

Basic Principles of PACS Networking. Emily Seto Medical Engineering/SIMS Center for Global eHealth Innovation April 29, 2004. Overview. PACS Introduction PACS Network Related Concepts Network Lingo and Relevance to PACS Example of PACS Network Take Home Message. What is PACS?.

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Basic Principles of PACS Networking

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  1. Basic Principles of PACS Networking Emily Seto Medical Engineering/SIMS Center for Global eHealth Innovation April 29, 2004

  2. Overview • PACS Introduction • PACS Network Related Concepts • Network Lingo and Relevance to PACS • Example of PACS Network • Take Home Message Emily Seto 04/04

  3. What is PACS? PACS=PictureArchiving &CommunicationsSystem System facilitating viewing & storage ofdigital medical images Emily Seto 04/04

  4. Ultrasound MRI CT Medical Digital Images X-RAY BASED Mammography Nuclear Med (PET) Light CR Fluoroscopy Emily Seto 04/04

  5. PACS Acquisition Processing Storage Viewing RIS HIS Emily Seto 04/04

  6. PACS Network Related Concepts Emily Seto 04/04

  7. Reliability/Security • Mirrored systems separated by physical distance • Archived data • Redundant paths (consider direct path from acquisition device to particular PACS PC) • 24/7 Support (access network remotely) • Secure lines outside of hospital to view images • eg via Virtual Private Network from physicians’ homes Emily Seto 04/04

  8. Speed • Online, Near-line & Disaster Recovery Back-ups • Prefetching & autorouting (pushing images) • Local copy vs streaming data • Bandwidth (dedicated LAN) Emily Seto 04/04

  9. Compression • Lossy vs non-lossy (up to 3:1) • Acceptable compression different for each type of image • Different types (eg wavelet, jpeg) 318 kB 10:1 (30 kB) 100:1 (4 kB) Emily Seto 04/04

  10. Network Lingo and Relevance to PACS Emily Seto 04/04

  11. Local Area Network (LAN) • Computer network that spans relatively small area • Can be desirable to have dedicated PACS LAN for all PACS devices (acquisition devices, display workstations, storage, and servers) • Advantages: • Helps ensure adequate bandwidth • Can aide in device management Emily Seto 04/04

  12. Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks (RAID) • Combination of multiple disks drives to improve: • Performance • Data striping (spread out blocks of each file across multiple disks) • Fault tolerance • Disk mirroring • Dedicated disk for error correction • 50% of hardware device failures are due to disk failures Emily Seto 04/04

  13. Network Attached Storage (NAS) • Storage device taken away from server and directly connected to network • Devices assigned IP addresses and accessed by clients via a server (gateway to data) or accessed directly by clients Emily Seto 04/04

  14. NAS Advantages • Centralized storage, security, management, and data back-up • Servers running different operating systems can all access data • Expandability (add new device without shutting down servers) • Fault tolerance (server fails can still access data) Emily Seto 04/04

  15. Storage Area Network (SAN) • High-speed sub-network of shared storage devices • Access data via server systems connected to both the LAN and SAN Emily Seto 04/04

  16. SAN Advantages • Centralized storage, modular scalability, high availability, and increased fault tolerance • Removes bandwidth bottlenecks with LAN based server storage • Serverless backup (high speed data backup without using LAN bandwidth) Emily Seto 04/04

  17. Example of NAS/SAN Image Acquisition Devices 1 Non-compressed Deep Archive Load-Weighted Servers Tier 1 Storage -redundant paths out -connected by fiber optic cables -most recent studies -non-lossy compression 2 3 Tier 2 Storage -compressed (lossy) -older studies 4 (2 months later) Image Display *NB Entire system should be mirrored offsite Emily Seto 04/04

  18. Networking Budget • Mirrored servers & storage (several Terabytes) • Archiving (magneto-optical tapes, DVD-ROMs, CD-ROMs, etc.) • Petabyte (1024 Terabytes) • Proper facilities to house servers & storage • Network infrastructure (network drops, cable, etc) • Support Emily Seto 04/04

  19. Take Home Message • Each institution will have their own PACS networking needs depending on size, type and volume of images, existing network, and budget available • Main concepts to keep in mind: • Reliability/Security • Speed • Compression Emily Seto 04/04

  20. ? Contact Info: Emily Seto emily.seto@uhn.on.ca (416)340-4800 x6409 Emily Seto 04/04

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