Basic Principles Of WTO

1. Non-discriminatory Principle Principle of Tariff Concession Principle of Trade Protection Principle of Trade Facilities,Transparency and Competition Protection Basic Principles Of WTO

2. Non-discriminatory Principle • Principle of Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment MFN • Principle of National Treatment

3. Meaning of MFN Any advantage,favor,privilege or immunity granted by any members to any product originating in or destined for any other country should be accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product originating in or destined for the territories of all other members

4. Principle of National Treatment • Internal taxes and other internal charges, and laws, regulations and requirement affecting sale, offering for sale, purchase, transportation or use of products, should not be applied to imported or products so as to afford protection to domestic production • No Member shall establish or maintain any internal quantitative regulation which requires, directly or indirectly, that any specified amount or proportion of any product must be supplied from domestic sources or that such amount or proportion must be allocated among external sources of supply

5. Principle of Tariff Concession • General Elimination of Quantitative Restriction

6. No prohibitions or restrictions other than duties, taxes or other charges, whether made effective through quotas, import or export licenses or other measures, shall be instituted or maintained on the importation of product or on the exportation or sale for export of any product

7. exceptions • Export prohibitions or restrictions temporarily applied to prevent or relieve critical shortages of foodstuffs or other essential products • When it is necessary to the application of standards or regulations for the classification, grading or marketing of commodities in international trade • Import restrictions on any agricultural or fisheries product,which aim to restrict the quantities or remove a temporary surplus of the like domestic product

8. Principle of Reasonable Trade Protection • Anti-dumping • Countervailing

9. Anti-dumping Dumping is referred to that ,products of one country are introduced into the commerce of another country at less than the normal value of the products and thereof causes or threatens material injury to an established industry in the territory of a contracting party or materially retards the establishment of a domestic industry

10. Countervailing The subsidy includes any form of income or price support, in any case in which it is determined that serious prejudice to the interests of any other member is caused or threatened by any such subsidization ,the possibility of limiting the subsidization shall be discussed

11. Principle of Trade Facilities, Transparency and Competition Protection • The principle of trade facilities • WTO Transparency principle • Competition protection principle

12. Trade Facilities • WTO considers that fees and formalities connected with importation may adversely influence the trading facilitation an indirect protection to domestic products • On the contrary ,minimizing the incidence and complexity of import and export formalities and,decreasing and simplifying import and export documentation requirements are all appreciated

13. WTO Transparency principle All the laws ,regulations, judicial decision and administrative rulings of general application pertaining to the classification or the valuation of products for customs purposes, or to rates of duty, taxes or other charges, or to requirements, restrictions or prohibitions, should be published promptly in such a manner as to enable governments and traders to become acquainted with them

14. Competition Protection principle State trading enterprise with exclusive or special privileges should make purchases or sales consistent with the general principles of nondiscriminatory treatment and solely in accordance with commercial considerations,and afford the enterprises of other Members adequate opportunity, in accordance with customary business practice,to compete for participation in such purchases or sales.

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