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Neurological Disorders Lesson 4.4

Neurological Disorders Lesson 4.4. Could caffeine treat narcolepsy?. Do Now:. Review last night’s homework with a partner. Be sure you can answer the following questions: What role does orexin play in the sleep-wake circuit? How is orexin involved in narcolepsy?.

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Neurological Disorders Lesson 4.4

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  1. Neurological DisordersLesson 4.4 Could caffeine treat narcolepsy?

  2. Do Now: • Review last night’s homework with a partner. • Be sure you can answer the following questions: • What role does orexin play in the sleep-wake circuit? • How is orexin involved in narcolepsy?

  3. Orexin’s Role in the Sleep-Wake Circuit Orexin neurons Light Energy balance/ metabolic cues Emotional state VLPO Arousal neurons Awake!!

  4. Orexin’s Role in the Sleep-Wake Circuit Orexin neurons Light/Dark cycle Energy balance/ metabolic cues Emotional state Arousal neurons Asleep!! VLPO

  5. What happened to Skeeter?

  6. What happens when orexin receptors are removed in mice?

  7. What’s different about the brains of narcoleptic patients?

  8. If narcolepsy is a disorder where you fall asleep uncontrollably, could you use caffeine as a treatment?

  9. How does caffeine work? • Caffeine effects the signaling of the neurotransmitter adenosine. Adenosine Caffeine

  10. Adenosine Levels Cycle • Adenosine builds up in the brain during wakefulness. • We have low levels just after sleeping. • We have high levels after being awake for a long time. Go to sleep Wake up

  11. High levels of adenosine inhibit arousal neurons and activate the VLPO. • What effect would this have??? Adenosine Arousal neurons VLPO

  12. High adenosine levels put us to sleep. Adenosine Let’s take a quick peek at this synapse. Arousal neurons Asleep!! VLPO

  13. When adenosine binds to its receptors,we fall asleep. Adenosine Asleep!!

  14. Now, back to caffeine. • Caffeine binds to the receptors for adenosine, but has no effect on the receptors. • When caffeine is bound, adenosine can’t bind. Adenosine Caffeine Adenosine Binding Caffeine Binding What happens then? We don’t fall asleep. Asleep!!

  15. Caffeine inhibits adenosine’s action Caffeine Adenosine Arousal neurons Asleep!! VLPO

  16. Caffeine inhibits adenosine’s action Caffeine Adenosine Arousal neurons VLPO

  17. Caffeine inhibits adenosine’s action Caffeine Adenosine VLPO Arousal neurons Awake!! • We stay awake.

  18. Sleep-Wake circuit has many “controls” Caffeine Orexin neurons Energy balance/ metabolic cues Light/Dark Adenosine Emotional state Arousal neurons VLPO

  19. Could you use caffeine as a treatment for narcolepsy?

  20. Treatments for Narcolepsy • Drugs that act as stimulants: (stronger than coffee) • Example: Ritalin • Behavioral remedies: • Maintain regular sleep schedule • Schedule naps during the day • Avoid heavy meals and alcohol • Do not drive or operate machinery when feeling sleepy

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