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The Muscular System

The Muscular System. Chapter 4. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Muscular System. Muscles. Primary Function Make body movement possible Hold body erect Move body fluids Produce body heat. Muscles. Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) my/o, myos/o. Fascia.

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The Muscular System

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  1. The Muscular System Chapter 4

  2. Overview of Structures, Combining Forms,and Functions of the Muscular System

  3. Muscles • Primary Function • Make body movement possible • Hold body erect • Move body fluids • Produce body heat

  4. Muscles • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • my/o, myos/o

  5. Fascia • Primary Function • Cover, support, and separate muscles • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • fasci/o

  6. Tendons • Primary Function • Attach muscles to bones • Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) • ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

  7. Types of Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscles: • Attached to bones of the skeleton • Make body motions possible • Voluntary muscles • Striated muscles (continues)

  8. Types of Muscle Tissue (continues)

  9. Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth muscles: • Located in walls of internal organs, bloodvessels, and ducts leading from glands • Move and control the flow of fluids throughthese structures • Involuntary, unstriated, and visceral muscles (continues)

  10. Types of Muscle Tissue (continues)

  11. Types of Muscle Tissue Myocardial Muscle • Form the muscular walls of the heart • Myocardium or cardiac muscle (continues)

  12. Types of Muscle Tissue

  13. Types of Muscle Tissue Click Here to play Types of Muscle Tissue animation

  14. Muscle Contraction and Relaxation • Muscle innervation: stimulation of a muscle byan impulse transmitted by a motor nerve • Neuromuscular: pertaining to the relationshipbetween a nerve and muscle (continues)

  15. Muscle Contraction and Relaxation • Antagonistic Muscle Pairs • Contraction • Relaxation

  16. Contrasting Muscle Motion • Abduction: movement of a limb away from themidline of the body • Adduction: movement of a limb toward themidline of the body (continues)

  17. Contrasting Muscle Motion (continues)

  18. Contrasting Muscle Motion • Flexion: decreasing the angle between twobones by bending a limb at a joint • Extension: increasing the angle between twobones or the straightening out of a limb • Hyperextension: the extreme or overextensionof a limb or body part beyond its normal limit (continues)

  19. Contrasting Muscle Motion

  20. Rotation and Circumduction • Rotation: a circular movement around an axissuch as the shoulder joint • Circumduction: the circular movement at thefar end of a limb (continues)

  21. Rotation and Circumduction

  22. Supination and Pronation • Supination: the act of rotating the arm or leg sothat the palm of the hand or sole of the foot isturned forward or upward • Pronation: the act of rotating the arm or leg sothat the palm of the hand or sole of the foot isturned downward or backward (continues)

  23. Supination and Pronation

  24. Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion • Dorsiflexion: the movement that bends the footupward at the ankle • Plantar flexion: the movement that bends thefoot downward at the ankle (continues)

  25. Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

  26. Key Word Parts and Definitions • bi- • twice, double, two • -cele • hernia, tumor, swelling • dys- • bad, difficult, or painful • fasci/o • fascia, fibrous band (continues)

  27. Key Word Parts and Definitions • fibr/o • fibrous tissue, fiber • -ia • abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium • -ic • pertaining to • kines/o, kinesi/o • movement (continues)

  28. Key Word Parts and Definitions • my/o • muscle • -plegia • paralysis, stroke • -rrhexis • rupture • tax/o • coordination, order (continues)

  29. Key Word Parts and Definitions • ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o • tendon, stretch out, extend, strain • ton/o • tone, stretching, tension, • tri- • three

  30. Spinal Cord Injuries Click Here to play Spinal Cord Injuries animation

  31. Questions

  32. Question The largest muscle in the human body is foundin the buttocks. True or False?

  33. Answer True. The gluteus maximus in the buttocks is thelargest muscle in the body.

  34. Question How many muscles are required to raiseyour eyebrows? • 15 • 8 • 30

  35. Answer c. 30

  36. Question Pronation is the act of rotating the arm so thatthe palm of the hand is turned upward. True or False?

  37. Answer False.Supination is the act of rotating the armso that the palm of the hand is turned upward.

  38. Question Singultus is the medical term for: • A facial tick • Hiccups • Cramps

  39. Answer b. Hiccups

  40. Answers to Learning Exercises

  41. Chapter 4 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 4.1. -ia 4.2. fasci/o 4.3. fibr/o 4.4. -cele 4.5. kines/o, kinesi/o 4.6. tax/o 4.7. my/o 4.8. -rrhexis 4.9. tend/o 4.10. ton/o Matching Muscle Directions and Positions 4.11. transverse 4.12. sphincter 4.13. oblique 4.14. rectus 4.15. lateralis

  42. Chapter 4 Answers Definitions 4.16. skeletal 4.17. heel spur 4.18. supination 4.19. bradykinesia 4.20. physiatrist 4.21. myofascial 4.22. tendon 4.23. adhesion Definitions 4.24. paraplegia 4.25. tenodesis 4.26. myocardial 4.27. gluteus maximus 4.28. tendon 4.29. deltoid 4.30. sphincter

  43. Chapter 4 Answers Which Word? 4.31. strain 4.32. neuromuscular blocker 4.33. dystonia 4.34. impingement syndrome 4.35. deltoid Spelling Counts 4.36. antispasmodic 4.37. singultus 4.38. gravis 4.39. ganglion 4.40. pronation

  44. Chapter 4 Answers Abbreviation Identification 4.41. carpal tunnel syndrome 4.42. deep tendon reflexes 4.43. range of motion 4.44. repetitive stress disorder 4.45. spinal cord injury Term Selection 4.46. myorrhexis 4.47. myolysis 4.48. hyperkinesia 4.49. hamstring 4.50. myofascial release

  45. Chapter 4 Answers Sentence Completion 4.51. epicondylitis 4.52. flexion 4.53. intermittent claudication 4.54. myoparesis 4.55. spasmodic torticollis Word Surgery 4.56. electr/o, my/o, -graphy 4.57. hyper-, kines, -ia 4.58. my/o, clon, -us 4.59. poly-, myos, -itis 4.60. sarc/o, -penia

  46. Chapter 4 Answers True/False 4.61. True 4.62. False 4.63. True 4.64. False 4.65. False Clinical Conditions 4.66. ganglion cyst 4.67. myocele 4.68. atrophy 4.69. hypotonia 4.70. chronic fatigue 4.71. Achilles tendinitis 4.72. myalgia 4.73. shin splint 4.74. quadriplegia 4.75. hemiparesis

  47. Chapter 4 Answers Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 4.76. dystrophy 4.77. carpal tunnel release 4.78. adduction 4.79. myotomy 4.80. dorsiflexion Challenge Word Building 4.81. myopathy 4.82. polymyalgia 4.83. myonecrosis 4.84. fasciorrhaphy 4.85. polymyectomy 4.86. fasciodesis 4.87. myocarditis 4.88. fasciectomy 4.89. herniorrhaphy 4.90. sphincterotomy

  48. Chapter 4 Answers Labeling Exercises 4.91. flexion 4.92. extension 4.93. abduction 4.94. adduction 4.95. pronation 4.96. supination 4.97. dorsiflexion 4.98. plantar flexion 4.99. circumduction 4.100. rotation

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