1 / 11

Understanding States of Matter and Kinetic Theory

This section explores the Kinetic Theory of Matter, which posits that all matter is composed of tiny particles (atoms and molecules) in constant motion. It explains how temperature affects particle movement: as temperature rises, particles move faster, and heavier particles move slower than lighter ones at the same temperature. The state of a material—solid, liquid, gas, plasma, or Bose-Einstein condensate—depends on the motion of these particles and the forces of attraction between them. We will also discuss the unique behaviors of solids, liquids, and gases.

desma
Download Presentation

Understanding States of Matter and Kinetic Theory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Section 3.1 States of Matter Kinetic Theory of Matter Why do materials behave the way they do?

  2. Kinetic Theory of Matter • A theory that all matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules, depending on the substance) that are in CONSTANT MOTION • As temperature increases, the particles move faster • At the same temperature, heavier particles move more slowly than lighter particles

  3. Kinetic Theory of Matter • The motion of the individual particles (i.e. energy) and the forces of attraction between them determines the state of matter

  4. States of Matter • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma • Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC)

  5. Behavior of Gases • Particles of a gas are in constant, random motion at very high speeds • Gases have more energy than liquids or solids of the same material

  6. Behavior of Gases • The motion of one particle is not affected by the other particles • The attraction between individual particles is so small that it can be ignored • The constant motion at high speeds allows the gas to fill its container, even if another gas is in the space

  7. Behavior of Liquids • Particles of a liquid move more slowly than gases and are more closely packed • Liquids have less energy than gases, but more than solids

  8. Behavior of Liquids • Attractive forces between the particles is strong enough to affect the motion of other particles, to a certain degree • Particles can still move, but not as quickly as gases • Mixing occurs more slowly

  9. Behavior of Liquids • No Definite Shape • Forces of attraction are not strong enough to hold particles in one place, so they are free to move past one another and fill the shape of their container • Definite Volume • The attractive forces are strong enough to keep individual particles close, preventing them from breaking away from the group

  10. Behavior of Solids • Particles of a solid will vibrate in place, but will not move away from a fixed location • Solids have the least amount of energy of all states of matter

  11. Behavior of Solids • The particles of a solid are attracted to each other very strongly • They move much less than liquids or gases • This results in a definite shape and definite volume

More Related