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Comprehensive Overview of Skeletal Cartilage and Bone Anatomy

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This chapter delves into the intricate structure and classification of skeletal cartilage and bones. It outlines the three types of cartilage: hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, and explains their growth processes (appositional and interstitial). The classification of bones is discussed in terms of location and shape, with detailed descriptions of bone markings, including depressions, openings, and projections. The chapter further explores the functions of bones, the gross and microscopic anatomy of various bone types, and crucial bone physiology related to growth, repair, and common disorders.

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Comprehensive Overview of Skeletal Cartilage and Bone Anatomy

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  1. BONES AND SKELETAL TISSUE CHAPTER 6

  2. Skeletal Cartilage • Hyaline cartilage • Elastic cartilage • Fibrocartilage

  3. Microscopic View of Cartilage

  4. Growth of Cartilage • Appositional growth=“from the outside” • Interstitial growth=“from within”

  5. CLASSIFICATION OF BONE Location

  6. CLASSIFICATION OF BONE Shape

  7. BONE MARKINGS • Depressions and Openings • Fossa • Fissure • Foramen • Meatus • Canal • Groove • Sulcus • Sinus

  8. BONE MARKINGS • Projections for attachment • Tuberosity • Crest • Trochanter • Line • Tubercle • Epicondyle • Spine • Process

  9. BONE MARKINGS • Projections that form joints • Head • Facet • Condyle • Ramus

  10. FUNCTIONS OF BONE • Support • Protection • Movement • Storage • Hematopoiesis

  11. GROSS ANATOMY OFLONG BONES

  12. GROSS ANATOMY OFFLAT BONES

  13. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF COMPACT BONE

  14. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF COMPACT BONE

  15. Composition of Compact Bone • Cells • Osteoblasts • Osteocytes • Osteoclasts • Matrix • Osteoid (organic) • Hydroxapatites (inorganic)

  16. Bone Physiology • Bone Formation • Membranous ossification • Endochondral ossification • Bone Growth • Longitudinal growth • Appositional growth • Bone Repair

  17. BONE FORMATION

  18. BONE FORMATION

  19. BONE GROWTH: Length

  20. BONE GROWTH: Width

  21. HORMONAL CONTROL OF BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS

  22. FRACTURES • Closed versus Open Treatments • Classification of Fractures • Simple versus Compound • Transverse versus Linear • Displaced versus Non-displaced • Complete versus Incomplete

  23. Comminuted Compressed Depressed Epiphyseal Impacted Spiral Greenstick Colle’s Pott’s Types of Fractures

  24. BONE REPAIR

  25. Osteomyelitis Osteoporosis Spina bifida Achondroplasia Acromegaly Osteotitis Scoliosis Kyphosis Lordosis Osteomalacia/Rickets Osteoma Osteotomy Ostectomy Ostalgia Metastatic calcification Spina bifida Cleft palate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome BONE DISORDERS

  26. Things to Know From Chapter 7 • Name the major bones • Bone markings and their functions • Number of bones • Bone articulations

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