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Mastering the Present Subjunctive in Spanish: AR, ER, and IR Verbs Explained

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of forming the present subjunctive for regular AR, ER, and IR verbs in Spanish. Learn how to create the subjunctive by starting with the present tense YO form, dropping the 'O', and adding the appropriate endings: -e, -emos, -es, -éis, -en for AR verbs, and -a, -amos, -as, -áis, -an for ER/IR verbs. Special considerations for spelling irregularities with verbs ending in GAR, CAR, and ZAR are explained, along with the unique behaviors of stem-changing and irregular verbs in the subjunctive.

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Mastering the Present Subjunctive in Spanish: AR, ER, and IR Verbs Explained

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  1. Formation of present subjunctive

  2. AR verbs • Go to YO form of present tense • Drop “O” • Add subjunctive endings: • E EMOS • ES ÉIS • E EN

  3. Regular AR verbs • Hablarhablohablqueyohable • Cantar canto cant quetúcantes • Patinarpatinopatinqueellapatine • Mirarmiromirquemiremos • Trabajartrabajotrabajquetrabajen

  4. ¡~OJO~! • Verbs that end in GAR will have a spelling irregularity • Pagarpago page???? NO!!!!! to preserve hard G sound add a U • Paguepaguemos • Paguespaguéis • Paguepaguen

  5. ¡~OJO~! • Verbs that end in CAR will have a spelling irregularity • Colocarcolococoloce???? NO! to preserve the hard C sound change to QU • Coloquecoloquemos • Coloquescoloquéis • Coloquecoloquen

  6. ¡~OJO~! • Verbs that end in ZAR will have a spelling irregularity • Rezarrezoreze???? NO! Z never sits before an E in Spanish…change to a C • Recerecemos • Recesrecéis • Recerecen

  7. REGULAR ER/IR VERBS • Go to YO form of present tense • Drop “O” • Add subjunctive endings: • A AMOS • AS ÁIS • AAN

  8. REGULAR ER/IR VERBS • BEBER BEBO BEB QUE YO BEBA • VIVIR VIVO VIV QUE ELLAS BEBAN • VENDER VENDO VEND QUE VENDAS • SUBIR SUBO SUB QUE ELLOS SUBAN • COMER COMO COM QUE COMAMOS

  9. ¡~OJO~! AR/ER STEM CHANGERS • E>IE OR O>UE • A “BOOT” VERB THAT ENDS IN AR/ER CONTINUES TO BE ONE! • PENSAR PIENSO PIENS • PIENSE PENSEMOS • PIENSES PENSÉIS • PIENSE PIENSEN

  10. ¡~OJO~! • VOLVER VUELVO VUELV • VUELVA VOLVAMOS • VUELVAS VOLVÁIS • VUELVA VUELVAN

  11. ¡~OJO~! “IR” STEM CHANGERS ARE UNIQUE • E>IE SENTIR SIENTO SIENT • E>I IN NOSOTROS/VOSOTROS • SIENTA SINTAMOS • SIENTAS SINTÁIS • SIENTA SIENTAN

  12. ¡~OJO~! “IR” STEM CHANGERS ARE UNIQUE • E>I PEDIR PIDO PID • E>I IN NOSOTROS/VOSOTROS • PIDA PIDAMOS • PIDAS PIDÁIS • PIDA PIDAN

  13. ¡~OJO~! “IR” STEM CHANGERS ARE UNIQUE • O>UE DORMIR DUERMO DUERM • MORIR MUERO MUER • O>U IN NOSOTROS/VOSOTROS • DUERMA DURMAMOS • DUERMAS DURMÁIS • DUERMA DUERMAN

  14. irregulars • 6 VERBS CANNOT CHANGE TO SUBJUNCTIVE IN THE NORMAL FASHION BECAUSE THEIR YO FORM DOES not END IN “o” • DAR DOY SABER SÉ • SER SOY HABER HE • IR VOY • ESTAR ESTOY

  15. DAR/SER • DÉ DEMOS • DES DEIS (NO ACCENT) • DÉ DEN • SEA SEAMOS • SEAS SEÁIS • SEA SEAN

  16. IR/ESTAR • VAYA VAYAMOS • VAYAS VAYÁIS • VAYA VAYAN • ESTÉ ESTEMOS • ESTÉS ESTÉIS • ESTÉ ESTÉN

  17. SABER/HABER • SEPA SEPAMOS • SEPAS SEPÁIS • SEPA SEPAN • HAYA HAYAS • HAYAS HAYÁIS • HAYA HAYAN

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