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Indian Satellite Navigation Programme

Indian Satellite Navigation Programme. N. G. Vasantha Kumar Dy. Director (Satnav & ACS) Indian Space Research Organisation INDIA. Basic Positioning: Today. Navigation satellites are Earth Satellites. Follow Kepler’s laws of motion, transmit their Position, Navigation, Time (PNT).

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Indian Satellite Navigation Programme

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  1. Indian Satellite Navigation Programme N. G. Vasantha Kumar Dy. Director (Satnav & ACS) Indian Space Research Organisation INDIA

  2. Basic Positioning: Today • Navigation satellites are Earth Satellites. • Follow Kepler’s laws of motion, transmit their Position, Navigation, Time (PNT). • Provide PNT service through hand-held receivers to users. • Satellites’ orbits and health monitored through an elaborate ground segment. 10-20 m

  3. Global Satellite Navigation Systems GPS GALILEO GLONASS All Global Systems have more than 24 satellites each in 19000 – 24000 km altitude orbits. All transmissions from the satellite to date are in L-band. The satellites transmit the ephemeris, clock and ionospheric data. The details of the signal structure and data structure vary slightly. User receivers measure their distance from at least 4 satellites through one-way ranging technique. Most downlink signals use Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and RF modulation such as, BPSK, Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) etc. GLONASS uses CDMA ranging codes with Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) These constellations represent a wonderful laboratory for fundamental scientific work

  4. Spectrum for GNSS GNSS spectral bands are: • L1 (1559 – 1610 MHz), • L2 (1215 – 1300 MHz), • L5 (1164 – 1215 MHz), • S-band (2483.5 – 2500 MHz) L1 and L2 bands are being used for 30 years now. L5 is the latest and much sought after band. S-band is for Regional use in Region 3. The World Radio Conference (WRC-12) will discuss global allocation for this band.

  5. Radioastronomy 1610.6 – 1613.6 MHz S C L2 L1 L5 E5 GPS GPS GPS GLONASS GLONASS GALILEO GALILEO GALILEO 1260.000 MHz 1239.600 MHz 1215.000 MHz 1215.600 MHz 1237.827 MHz 1559.000 MHz 1261.610 MHz 1164.000 MHz 1188.000 MHz 1212.000 MHz 1300.000 MHz 1563.420 MHz 1587.420 MHz 1592.952 MHz 1610.000 MHz 1620.610 MHz 1626.500 MHz 5010.000 MHz 5030.000 MHz 2483.5 - 2500 MHz Spectral bands for Radio Navigation Satellite Systems

  6. GAGAN 2011 2008 2012 GPS Augmentation systems in the World 2010(?)

  7. GAGANGPS Aided GEO Augmented Navigation • GAGAN is a Satellite Based Augmentation System being implemented by India based on GPS • GAGAN jointly implemented by ISRO and Airports Authority of India (AAI) • GAGAN implementation in two phases • GAGAN – TDS (Technology Demonstration System) • GAGAN – FOP (Final Operation Phase)

  8. GAGAN OBJECTIVE To provide Satellite-based Navigation services with accuracy and integrity required for civil aviation applications over Indian Air Space. Better Air Traffic Management over Indian Airspace.

  9. GEO (Navigation Payload) GPS GPS User INRESs INRESs INLUS INMCC GAGAN CONFIGURATION SPACE SEGMENT Three GEO Satellites • Two operational Navigation Payloads • One in-orbit spare Navigation Payload GROUND SEGMENT • Indian Master Control Centre (INMCC) • Indian Navigation Land Uplink Station (INLUS) • Indian Reference Stations (INRES) • Communication links

  10. GAGAN NAVIGATION SIGNALS GAGAN Space Segment uses SBAS PRN codes 127 and 128 to transmit corrections and integrity parameters to SBAS receiver. Signals Received by GAGAN Receiver * When GPS L5C is available 10

  11. GAGAN CONFIGURATION

  12. GAGAN INTENDED SERVICES • High position accuracies with integrity (APV-1.5 or better) over a wide geographical area such as the Indian Airspace. • These position accuracies to be simultaneously made available to all airports and air fields in Indian FIR, enabling satellite based landing of aircraft fitted with SBAS receivers. • To provide fuel efficient air corridors. • Better upper Air-space management over India.

  13. IRNSS Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System • IRNSS is an independent regional navigation system • 7 satellite constellation and ground segment. • Coverage area is about 1500 km beyond Indian territory. • Estimated horizontal position accuracy of 10m in over India and adjoining areas.

  14. IRNSS Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System • OBJECTIVES • Reliable Position, Navigation and Timing services over India and its neighbourhood • To provide fairly good accuracy to the user. • Most of the constellation is seen by user all the time. • Integrity and ionospheric correction messages to user.

  15. IRNSS CONFIGURATION

  16. IRNSS SPACE SEGMENT

  17. IRNSS SPACE SEGMENT • 3 GSO satellites at 340, 830, and 131.50 East. • 4 Inclined GSO satellites at 290 inclination with Longitude crossing at 550 and 111.50. • To be launched by Indian PSLV. • First satellite launch by second half of 2011. • Full constellation completion by 2014. • Space segment will be augmented with 4 more satellites to make 11 satellite constellation with better coverage and accuracy.

  18. IRNSS- GROUND SEGMENT Architecture • IRNSS Navigation Control Facility ( IRNCF ) IRNSS Navigation Centre ( INC ) IRNSS Network Time ( IRNWT ) IRNSS CDMA Ranging Stations ( IRCDR ) IRNSS Laser Ranging Service ( ILRS ) IRNSS Range and Integrity Monitoring Stations IRNSS Data Communication Network (IRDCN) • IRNSS Satellite Control Facility ( IRSCF ) IRNSS TTC & Land Uplink Stations (INLUS) IRNSS Satellite Control Centre ( IRSCC )

  19. IRNSS- GROUND SEGMENT Architecture 6 9 IRNSS CDMA Ranging 1 (IRCDR) IRNSS CDMA Ranging 4 (IRCDR) Satellite Control Facility Bhopal IRNSS Laser Ranging(IRLSF) SCC IRTTC IRCDR IRCDR Backup INC IRNSS Navigation Centre Bangalore 1 5 Satellite Control Facility Hassan IRMNC Computer SCC IRTTC IRDCN IRIMS ….. IRIMS 16 IRIMS 1 IRNWT 20

  20. IRNSS NAVIGATION SIGNALS • CDMA Ranging Frequencies • Uplink : 6712 .0MHz (B.W 24MHz) • Downlink : 3412 .0 MHz (B.W 24MHz) 21

  21. IRNSS NAVIGATION SIGNALS

  22. THANK YOU

  23. GNSS- Aviation Alert Limits

  24. Accuracy Integrity Time-to-Alert Continuity Availability 0.99 to 0.99999 1-10-4/hr to 1-10-8/hr En route 3.7 km (H) 1-10-7 per hr 5 min 0.999 to 0.99999 1-10-4/hr to 1-10-8/hr Terminal 0.74 km (H) 1-10-7 per hr 15 sec Initial & Int Approach, NPA, Departure 0.99 to 0.99999 1-10-4/hr to 1-10-8/hr 220 m (H) 1-10-7 per hr 10 sec 1-2x10-7 per approach 1-8x10-6/hr in any 15 sec 0.99 to 0.99999 220 m (H) 20 m (V) APV-I 10 sec 1-2x10-7 per approach 1-8x10-6/hr in any 15 sec 0.99 to 0.99999 16 m (H) 8 m (V) APV-II 6 sec 1-2x10-7 per approach 1-8x10-6/hr in any 15 sec 0.99 to 0.99999 16 m (H) 6-4 m (V) CAT I 6 sec GNSS- Aviation Operational Performance Requirements

  25. IRNSS Data Structure Master Frame Sub Frame

  26. GAGAN PAYLOAD CHARACTERISTICS Sl. No. System characteristics L1 Freq. (1575.42 MHz) L5 Freq. (1176.45 MHz) 29.2 dBW 1. Transmit EIRP (EOC) 30.2 dBW 2. Receive G/T -2 dB/deg.K -2 dB/deg.K 24 MHz 3. Bandwidth 20 MHz Global 4. Footprint Global 5. Feeder Link frequency C-band C-band RHCP 6. Transmit polarisation RHCP 7. Type of Antenna Helix Helix 8. Antenna Gain 15.8 dB 15.8 dB 9. RF Power rating 40W 40W 10. Total Payload weight 50 Kg 11. Power D C 240W

  27. IRNSS- GROUND SEGMENT Architecture • IRNSS Navigation Control Facility ( IRNCF ) IRNSS Navigation Centre ( INC ) - 2 Nos IRNSS Network Time ( IRNWT ) - 2 Nos IRNSS CDMA Ranging Stations ( IRCDR ) - 4 Nos IRNSS Laser Ranging Service ( ILRS ) IRNSS Range and Integrity Monitoring Stations -16 Nos IRNSS Data Communication Network (IRDCN) - 2 Nos • IRNSS Satellite Control Facility ( IRSCF ) IRNSS TTC & Land Uplink Stations (INLUS) - 9 Nos IRNSS Satellite Control Centre ( IRSCC ) - 2 Nos

  28. Challenges in Technology • Astronomy ( Orbital Mechanics ) - Precision Orbits, Accurate Ephemeris determination • Signal structure – Modulation and Codes • Stable On-board atomic clocks and their estimation • Atmospheric Science – Modeling delays • GNSS Receiver technology, indoor positioning • The ICE (Ionosphere, Clock, Ephemeris) errors • Hazardously Misleading Information (HMI) • GAGAN certification, Software standards • ‘Safety of Life’ system Software and its certification

  29. Applications of Satellite Navigation systems

  30. Satellite Communications and Navigation programme of ISRO/DOS • Leadership in Satellite Communication demonstrated through the deployment of the INSAT system since 1982. • Leadership in Satellite Navigation through deployment of GAGAN and IRNSS to be demonstrated in this decade. GAGAN is an AAI-ISRO Project. • Continue to maintain leadership in these areas to serve India and its people. • Develop technical and human resources to address technology issues. Coordinate and use spectrum. • Satellite based communication and navigation systems for rural connectivity, security needs and mobile services.

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