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Psychology 256

Psychology 256. Introduction to Brain and Behavior Dr. Hakan. What is the Brain?. Billions of nerve cells. What is the Brain?. Thousands of connections where one neuron may interact (communicate) with other neurons. As many as 10,000 connections. 40+ neurochemicals ( neurotransmitters).

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Psychology 256

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  1. Psychology 256 Introduction to Brain and Behavior Dr. Hakan

  2. What is the Brain? • Billions of nerve cells

  3. What is the Brain? • Thousands of connections where one neuron may interact (communicate) with other neurons. As many as 10,000 connections 40+ neurochemicals ( neurotransmitters)

  4. Why Study the Brain? • Sensation • Motion • Internal Regulation • Reproduction • Adaptation • EVERYTHING WE DO!

  5. Overarching Principles of Brain function • Hierarchically organized • Redundant control • Inhibition • Automaticity • Conscious vs Unconscious processes

  6. The Scientific Method • Empiricism • Objectivity • Measurement and testing • replication

  7. Basic Organization of the Nervous System • Central Nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) • CNS- brain and spinal cord

  8. PNS -peripheral nerves and the ANS

  9. The autonomic division of the PNS

  10. And somatosenses

  11. The Organization of the Brain: An Overview • The Forebrain ( Telencephalon and Diencephalon) • The Midbrain (Mesencephalon) • The Hindbrain ( Metencephalon and Meyelencephalon)

  12. The Forebrain • Cerebral Cortex • Cortical lobes • Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal • Basal Ganglia and Limbic system • The diencephalon • Thalamus and Hypothalamus

  13. Cortical lobes • Thin • Wrinkled • Sulci and Gyri

  14. Cortical lobes Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

  15. Cortical Lobes • Occipital- Vision • Temporal- hearing/ speech • Parietal- somatosensory • Frontal- speech, motor responses • and executive functions

  16. The Telencephalon- Basal Ganglia and Limbic system • Basal Ganglia- includes the “neostriatum” and substantia nigra Highly ingrained behaviors

  17. Limbic System • Amygdala, hippocampus and other structures Emotional impulses Amygdala

  18. The diencephalon • Thalamus and Hypothalamus Thalamus- sensory relay

  19. Diencephalon • Hypothalamus The 4 F’s

  20. The Midbrain (mesencephalon) • Superior and inferior colliculi • Substantia Nigra

  21. Midbrain Superior colliculi- visual orienting reflex Inferior colliculi- auditory orienting reflex Substantia Nigra- initiation and switching of behaviors

  22. The Hindbrain • Cerebellum Medulla (metencephalon) • Oblongata (myelencephalon)

  23. Hindbrain • Cerebellum- Motor coordination • Medulla oblongata- • regulation of vital functions • Incoming ( afferent) and outgoing (efferent) fibers

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