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Current Developments in Computer Hardware, Software and Communication Dr. Gu Wei Senior engineer Intel Corporation

Current Developments in Computer Hardware, Software and Communication Dr. Gu Wei Senior engineer Intel Corporation. ``Overview´´. Software (Application). Hardware. Software (System). Communication. Birth of a Chip (ICs). Transistors / Die 0.18 to 0.13 micron technology

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Current Developments in Computer Hardware, Software and Communication Dr. Gu Wei Senior engineer Intel Corporation

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  1. Current Developments in Computer Hardware, Software and CommunicationDr. Gu WeiSenior engineerIntel Corporation

  2. ``Overview´´ Software (Application) Hardware Software (System) Communication

  3. Birth of a Chip (ICs) • Transistors / Die • 0.18 to 0.13 micron technology • 200mm to 300mm wafers • Gordon Moore‘s Law The number of transistors that would be incorporated on a silicon die would double every 18 months for the next several years

  4. IA-32 Architecture • Intel‘s 32-Bit (Incl. 16-Bit) Architecture • Function Units • Connections • Machine Instruction Sets • Intel 4004, 8085/8080, 8086/8088, 286, 386, 486, Pentium, P6, Penium Pro, PentiumII, PeniumIII, Penium4... • Compatibility of software (object code created in 1978 can still executed on newst processor) • Every new generation deliver significantly higher performance

  5. MMXTM technology • Introduced with Pentium family • Addtional 64 bits Registers, Instructions, • SIMD execution model, • Paralle computation on packed 64 integer data for multimedia applications • Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) • Introduced with Pentium III • Addtional 128 bits Registers, Instructions ... • Multiprocessorsystem • 2 or 4 processors (with shared memory)

  6. Pentium 4 Processor • 1. Imp. of Intel NetBurst micro-architecture • Rapid Execution Engine • Hyper Pipelined Technology (Instruction prefetch, Branch prediction...) • Advanced Dynamic Execution (Out of order core...) • New cache subsystem • Streaming SIMD Extension 2 (SSE2) ... • 400 MHz NetBurst system bus ...

  7. Support for system programming • Control Registers • Debug Registers • Performance monitoring Counters • Time-Stamp Counter

  8. IA-64: Itanium • Intel‘s 64-bit architecture • Goals: • Overcome the limitations of today‘s architecture • Provide world class floating point performance • Support large memory needs with 64-bit addressability • Protect existing investments with IA-32 compatibility • Support growing high-end application workloads for e-business, enterprise, & technical computing

  9. IA-64: Data types & Registers • Data: • Integer: 8, 16, 32, 64 • Floating-point: 32, 64, 82 • Registers • 128 General • 128 Floating-point • 128 Application • 64 Predicate • 8 Branch • 1 Instruction Pointer

  10. IA-64: Boosting Performance • Increases instruction level parallelism • Instruction bundle/group • supporting hyper software pipelines,... • Improves branch handling • more branch register • predicate register before an instruction,... • Hides memory latencies • more general registers for temporary data Nat-bit, register stack, ... • Supports modular code • data/control dependencies • preloading,...

  11. Connecting system units • Bus & Port • Pins (number & function) • Access signals and timing • Size • Internal bus & port • ISA/ESIA, PCI, mini PCI,... (P&P) • Parallel ATA  Serial ATA (flexible,thin cable) • AGP • External bus & port • SCSI, -2, -3, PCMSIA, • RS-232, PS-2, FireWire, USB,... (Com-P&P, hot P&P)

  12. Software • Compiler optimization • Benefiting from new processor • Use of new registers & instructions • Exploitation of paralelism • Pro - Program analysis and restructuring ...

  13. Software • Operating System (e.g. Windows 2000, Whistler) • Benefiting from new processor • Advanced I/O Subsystem • Fast boot & application launch • Advanced resource (memory, devices,etc.) & power management • More supports for error detection & debugging, system file protection • Support for programming in multi-thread/processor • Interlocked-Operations (inc, dec, exchange,...) • Spinlocks, synchronization objects,... • API (Opened or Closed, Documented/Undocumented) • For writing programs & Libraries • For writing drivers

  14. Software • Advanced Installation • Detecting enviroment (processor, memory,...) • Selecting the optimized version • Configuration • Monitoring & Administration • Events view • Log files • Error detecting & recovering • SFP • LastKnownGood • ... • Saving current system& appls. status by shutdown

  15. Software • Standalone or combination of • Server-Client • Expert system • Database • Management • Communication... • Multimedia (Game, Hoppy,...) • E- and I-Business • Security

  16. Software • Middleware • used to integrate incompatible applications • Vaporware • Announced long before it is ready to be shipped • Interpreter & Execution • Java • HTML  XML ...

  17. Communication • Physical channels • Wire • Phone line • high frequence (1 – 2 M bits) xDSL • Cable • Glass Fiber • Multiwavelength sources, ultra-switch,... • Wireless • Ground stations • Satelite

  18. Communication • Channel allocation • Voice band, . . . • Transfer Technology • Analog v. Digital • Circuit/Packet switching • ATM • Multiple Access Control • FDMA • TDMA • CDMA

  19. Communication • Protocols • A set of rules govering the information flow within a communication infrastructure • Symbols (characters), format, timing, error correction, and running order • Examples: • HDLC, X.25, „Internet“(TCP/IP), HTTP, WAP, ...

  20. Communication • Networking • Connectionless vs. Connection-oriented Communications • LAN (ethernet, token ring/bus) • WAN • Communication network/Computer network • X.25 • ISDN, B-ISDN, SONET,... • Internet, Intranet, Extranet, Evernet

  21. Communication • More powerful DSP & Controller • Intended to embedded systems/devices (Set-Top Box, Handy, HPC,...) • Example: • 100MBits ethernet controller with many integrated protocol implementations, a mini-pci interface and a interface for attaching a DSP (LAN+Modem Combo-Card for Notebooks) • Simple & cheep ICs • Intented as an extension of a PC‘s (normally as a build-in card) • Use of PC‘s CPU power (vi´a a driver) • Examples: • Controllerless modem, software modem,...

  22. IXA: Intel Internet Exchange Architecture • A combination of solutions for network and communication system manufacturers (OEMs) • Building blocks • Processors (PentiumIII, IXP1200 network processor, ...) • Supporting chip sets • Software from third party and Intel labs • DriversSDKs & DDKs • For quickly developping various networking and communications products

  23. LAN: Use of power line • More than one PC at home • Most used lines and plug-in interface in a building • Problems: • Different goals in USA and Europe • Disturbances • Standards

  24. WAN: Mobile + Internet Service • One in fours PCs now sold are notebooks • WAP & Bluetooth • UMTS • `Anytime/Anywhere´ communications

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