Enhancing Customs Integrity: WCO Tools and Best Practices

1. 国际海关廉政建设

2. 康帝行刑图：悬挂在比利时布鲁日市政厅的警示画康帝行刑图：悬挂在比利时布鲁日市政厅的警示画

3. 第一部分 WCO工具

4. Corruption in the Customs Environment 在海关语境下的腐败问题 Customs as a Target • Direct contacts with goods, people and money • Important decisions on duty/tax or admissibility of imports/exports • Personnel often work in remote border stations • Clearance of goods is time sensitive • Social expectations Consequences • Revenue leakage • Reduction in public trust and confidence • Reduction in compliance • Reduction in community protection and national security • Barriers to international trade and economic development • Increased costs ultimately borne by the community

5. Corruption in the Customs Environment 在海关语境下的腐败问题 • Many different forms of corruption exist e.g. bribery, extortion, cronyism, nepotism, parochialism, patronage, influence peddling, graft, embezzlement... • Find the causes or drivers of the contexts that create corrupt behaviours.

6. Common Context and Drivers for Corruption in Customs 海关腐败的常见类型和内因 Problem/context: Everyone expects customs to be corrupt, “everyone else does it so why shouldn’t you?” Problem/context: Difficult, opaque, or burdensome procedures make people want to cut corners. Expected corruption Functional corruption Problem/context: There are little to no controls, corruption is easy. Problem/context: Experiencing financial hardship, need to make ends meet Opportunistic corruption Problem/context: Being threatened with harm by others, blackmailed or extorted, political interference. Desperate corruption Coercive corruption

7. Customs Integrity & the WCO 海关廉政与世界海关组织的相关理念 WCO’s core strategic policy document, Customs in the 21st Century emphasizes the... “...fight against corruption, the safeguarding of integrity and the enhancement of good governance measures.” WCO’s 2019-2022 Strategic Priorities and Emerging Initiatives include... “Integrity: Enhance the integrity and professionalism of Customs officers in cooperation with external stakeholders.”

8. Revised Arusha Declaration 《经修订的阿鲁沙宣言》 The WCO's Revised Arusha Declaration concerning Good Governance and Integrity in Customs (2003) is the WCO’s focal instrument to prevent corruption and increase the level of integrity in Customs. The Declaration contains ten key factors for an effective national Customs integrity programme.

9. Ten Key Factors of the Revised Arusha Declaration 《经修订的阿鲁沙宣言的十大模块》 Leadership & Commitment Human Resource Management Code of Conduct Regulatory Framework Automation Reform & Modernisation Audit & Investigation Transparency Relationship with the Private Sector Morale & Organisational Culture

10. WCO Integrity Development Guide (IDG) 世界海关组织《廉政开发指南》 The WCO Integrity Development Guide (IDG) follows the structure of the RevisedArusha Declaration and contains: • a detailed description of each of the key factors, • a checklist for conducting a self-assessment, • guidance on action planning, • examples of good practice.

11. WCO other Integrity Instruments & Tools 世界海关组织其他的廉政工具 http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/integrity/instrument-and-tools.aspx + WCO Integrity Sub-Committee (ISC)

12. WCO Tools to Support Human Resource Management (HRM) 世界海关组织支持人力资源管理的有关工具 The WCO has a number of tools under its Organizational Development Package of support for Members, including: People Development Diagnostic Tool • For merit-based recruitment and promotion: • Guide to Implement Competency-Based Human Resource Management WCO Framework of Principles and Practices for Customs Professionalism • For training and knowledge development • WCO Professional Standards (PICARD Programme) CLiKC! •

13. 第二部分 案例学习

14. Mongolia Korea Afghanistan Iran Pakistan Japan Nepal China Bhutan （VC） •Blue: ROCB location •Orange: RTCs Macau Laos India（ ） Thailand Vietnam Hong Kong Bangladesh Myanmar Maldives Philippines Cambodia Malaysia Singapore Brunei Darussalam Sri Lanka Papua New Guinea Timor Leste Indonesia Fiji Samoa Tonga Vanuatu Australia New Zealand 14

15. ROCB A/P Staff ROCB A/P Staff 亚太能力建 太能力建设办公室人 公室人员图

16. ROCB A/P Customs Good Practice Report on building Integrity 世界海关组织亚太能力建设办公室 《亚太地区海关廉政建设最佳实践报告》 Compilation from WCO Integrity Newsletter, WCO Integrity Sub Committee, other WCO official Publications 2011-2020 (measures taken, good practices, etc.), • Collect from A/P members, arranged by each of the 10 key factors of the Revised Arusha Declaration. • • Keep this report as an evergreen document. To obtain the full text, please contact rocb@rocbap.org

17. Members’ practices: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 成员海关实践：规章框架案例 Bangladesh Customs improves integrity in the implementation of the TFA 孟加拉海关通 孟加拉海关通过执行贸易便利化协定改进廉政工作 Bangladesh’s Integrity Program is part of the TFA implementation agenda and has been moving in this direction since joining the UNCAC. Bangladesh Government believes that the fight against corruption cannot be won by prosecution alone, but that an inclusive approach based on values, morals, and integrity is necessary. The strategy involves state and non-state institutions. The government wants to engage not only the state institutions such as the Parliament, executor, judiciary, public services, local government, prosecutor's office, Public Service Commission, electoral commission, anti-corruption commission and Auditor General, but also non-state institutions, including civil society, political parties, NGOs, the private sector and the media.

18. Members’ practices: AUTOMATION 成员海关实践：自动化案例 Central Board of Indirect taxes and Customs of India Automation Approach 印度海关 印度海关实施自动化改革项目 Automation in customs processes was one of the crucial aspects of integrity. Respective products were launched by Central Board of Indirect taxes and Customs of India, namely ICES and RMS - Reducing Human Interface; SWIFT - Bringing Performing Governmental Agencies on one Platform; E- SANCHIT- Portal for Document Upload; API - Selective Passenger Checks; RFID and E-Seal - For Tracking and Securing Container Movement.

19. Members’ practices: TRANSPARENCY 成员海关实践：透明度案例——日本海关、香港海关 Japan Customs uses Facebook, YouTube and Twitter channels to communicate, as well as a friendly web mascot (Customs-Kun) to engage the public. The advantages of using social media include: • Many users and high visibility • Access to people with less interest in Customs • Inviting users to the Customs website • No service charge, no maintenance fee • No load to the Customs website Around 100 video programmes are available on YouTube (Customs channels).

20. Members’ practices: AUDIT AND INVESTIGATION 成员海关实践：审计与调查案例 ——中国海关执法廉政风险预警处置系统 APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC &TECHNOLOGY MEANS TO IMPLEMENT INTEGRETY CONTROL IN CHINA CUSTOMS In 2017, China Customs had introduced a Customs Integrity Risk Control and Management System called HLS 2017. This system consisted of five modules: warning information; monitoring analysis; efficiency evaluation; combination query; and results display. These modules facilitated internal auditing and supervision. The purpose of HLS 2017 was to provide a daily update on the workload of each Customs officer and the status of imported goods and Customs declarations.