E in E & E Electro-Technology In Energy & Environment

1. E in E & EElectro-Technology In Energy & Environment Prof. Dr. Adel M. Sharaf, P.Eng, SM IEEE UNB, ECE-Department, Fredericton, NB, Canada

2. Outline • Title • Summary • Environmental & Environmental Engineering Technologies • Environmental-Interactions & Requirements • Electro technology • Promotional Activities • Methodology & Approach • Planned Research Activities • Dr .Sharaf -Research Activities • Current Research • Sample Presentations

3. Environment-Triangle Engineering Economics Science Environmental Engineering & Technology is the Science and Engineering of mitigation techniques & tools, Remediation Technology & Standards for :

4. Recycle & Reuse and Reduce • Efficient Utilization of Natural Resources including Alternate/Renewable Energy Sources • Optimized designs, Management Tools and Standards to prolong life cycle, safety and prevent pollution in water, Air and soil. • Ensure Personal Safety to personnel and live stock. • Reduce waste and especially hazardous waste • Enhance quality of living by reducing Environmental/Safety hazards, Noise and all forms of pollution & Contaminations. • Sustainable Development and Green/Conservation Products.

5. Environmental-Interactions & RequirementsAreas:[Mining /Oil & Gas/ Soil Remediation/Transportation /Waste Management/Pollution Abatement] A Balanced Soil Water Animals Humans B Harmonious D Diverse Plants Insects Energy Air C Clean

6. Electro-technology The applications of Electrical Engineering Principles and Phenomena in process industries: Heating, Cooling, smelting and Environmental pollution abatement Systems& Devices with specific concern to the following 1. Electrical Power Efficiency and Energy Conservation 2. Renewable energy systems (Wind, Photo-voltaic, Fuel Cell, Small Hydro, Hybrid,…..) & utilization and use in Remote/Isolated Communities. 3. Applications of Electromagnetic (EM) and Electrostatic (ES) fields in process stabilization, Disinfection, Odor control, Gaseous absorption, Anomaly / Fault / failure, detection using Electrical Signature FFT Tools, Eddy- Current Mapping/ FFT-Wavelets & Neural Network Mapping & Identification technologies.

7. 4. Application of AI based-Soft Computing Technologies (ANN, Fuzzy, Neuro-Fuzzy and Genetic Algorithms in Fault /Anomaly Detection, Relaying, Control and Safety. 5.Electric Grid Utility Systems :Voltage and Frequency (FACTS-Based) Stabilization, Blackout-Security and Power Quality PQ Enhancement

8. Promotional Activities

9. Approach • Student-Annual Environmental design Competition • National International Collaborative Research • Networks of excellence • Seminar U/G Environmental Design projects • Competing in National & International Competitions in Energy & Environmental NRC (Energy Ambassadors) !! Green-Plug-Winner, OTTAWA 2005 • Interfaculty (Science & Engineering) Collaborative Research • Innovative-Teaching by Using Current Research in Teaching !!

10. Specialized Courses & ProgramsC. Courses “ Environmental Engineering & Technology” Based on • Case- Studies • Invited Guest- Seminars & Lectures • Project Based Learning -PBL

11. D. M.Eng / M.Sc. & Research Collaboration • Inter/ Multi-DICPLINARY /Inter-Faculty/Inter-Departmental Research • (M.Eng /M.Sc) Program in Environmental Engineering & Technology

12. Environmental Engineering/TechnologyPromotion Methodology & Approach 1. Creation of Student-Environmental Innovation Club (SEIC) 2. Annual Green Environmental student Competition 3. Joint Interfaculty Engineering & Science Research using Joint Senior Thesis projects & Co-Supervision of Graduate students 4. Joint Business, Industry and Electric Utility sponsored Value-Added Research. 5. Short-Term Environmental Consulting Services-Office (CESO) • National and International Collaborative Research , Research links, Bi-lateral International Research Agreements. • Joint International Educational Programs & Research-Initiatives (AL-AHRAM-Cairo-CUC, Middle East, S.E. Asia)

13. Planned Research Activities (1) Electricity Power/Energy Conservation & Demand Side Management. (2) AI-Based Fault Detection and Relaying Protection and Safety Schemes (3) Harmonic/Noise Mitigation and Power Quality Enhancement (4) Applications of Ripple orthogonal Pulsating and Rotating Electromagnetic & Electrostatic fields in:- (a) Germicidal control, sterilization, and Disinfection (Water, Milk, liquids, Hospital, hazardous waste,…) (b) Zeolite-Enhanced Gaseous-adsorption and Odor control using Air Filters and Muffler systems.

14. (c) Sick Building mitigation and air filteration systems (d) Efficient Electro-technology based heating (Resistive, inductive, arc,…) systems 5. Renewable/ alternative dispersed standalone, hybrid and Grid-interconnected electric energy supply systems using wind, small hydro, photovoltaic, fuel cell, Micro Gas turbine, Hybrid Systems. 6. Intelligent Electric Arc/ Fire Detection and Relaying Schemes using harmonic FFT finger printing and Electric Signature Analysis ESA Tools ( for Buildings, commercial Installation, Mining process industries and low- voltage Electric Grid systems..

15. 7.Large Machinery/Motorized and Electromechanical Vibration/Torsional Monitoring and anomaly/failure/fault diagnostics using ANN-Based nonlinear pattern recognition mapping and vector transformations wavelets, Short -Term FFT, Inverse-Cosine, Temporal, Statistical and Abduction Rules. 8. Active Noise (Traffic & Machinery)- Cancellation in Roads & Buildings 9. Intelligent Fuzzy logic based decision Making Software. 10. Applications of Ground Resistance(-R-ground) Spectra Scans and Electromagnetic field penetration Mapping in personnel Land-Mine detection & other Archeological Site-Detection

16. Dr. A. M. Sharaf ‘s: Current Research Activities 1.The Green Plug & Smart power Filters and Energy Misers/Economics 2. Wind-Utilization schemes 3. Photovoltaic Utilization schemes 4. FACTS Based stabilization Devices For Electric utility Grid Systems 5. Bio-Filter Using (EM/EM/ES/UV) 6. The Electric-Foot-Generator (EFG) 7. Arc Fault-HIF Detection and fire sentry Relaying Systems • Zeolite-Gaseous Adsorption & Odor control • NG/PEM-fuel cell Efficiency Enhancement Using (LF/HF)Ripple Electromagnetic Reformer and Cell Polarization filters • Efficient Hydrogen Based Hybrid Storage/ Reformer Technology using Plasma(Microwave/Laser/Magnetic Field). • LNG/Hydrogen/PV/Wind/Fuel Cells / Micro-Gas turbines)

17. Dr. A. M. Sharaf ‘s: Current Research Activities 1.The Green Plug & Smart power Filters and Energy Misers/Economics 2. Wind-Utilization schemes 3. Photovoltaic Utilization schemes 4. FACTS Based stabilization Devices For Electric utility Grid Systems 5. Bio-Filter Using (EM/EM/ES/UV) 6. The Electric-Foot-Generator (EFG) 7. Arc Fault-HIF Detection and fire sentry Relaying Systems • Zeolite-Gaseous Adsorption & Odor control • NG/PEM-fuel cell Efficiency Enhancement Using (LF/HF)Ripple Electromagnetic Reformer and Cell Polarization filters • Efficient Hydrogen Based Hybrid Technology (Hydrogen/PV/Wind/Fuel Cells / Micro-Gas turbines)

18. Electrostatic/Electromagnetic Bio-Filter-B Device for Airborne Contaminant Disinfection Prof. Dr. Adel M. Sharaf, SM IEEE

19. Summary • Background • Methodology • Electrostatic Method • Electromagnetic Method • Work Completed • Testing

20. Background • Reasons for This Project • growing concern for indoor air quality (e.g. mold, smoke) • allergies, asthma, other respiratory problems • disease control • threat of biological terrorism, (e.g. Anthrax)

21. Background • Goal of the Project • Design and construct a bio-filter using the combined orthogonal electromagnetic and electrostatic EM/EM/ES Principle developed by Dr. Adel M. Sharaf for his Potable Water/Liquid Germicidal/Sterilization/Disinfectant Filters.

22. Background HPAC Engineering , January 2002 (http://www.arche.psu.edu/iec/abe/pubs/foam.pdf)

23. Methodology • Electrostatic Effect------E=V/d • Process commonly referred to as “Electrostatic Precipitation” or “Electronic Air Cleaning” • 2-stage process; charging stage and collection stage • Effective in filtering particles form .01 to 10 microns • Process consumes relatively low power

24. Methodology

25. Methodology • Airborne molecules collide with negative ions

26. Methodology • Airborne molecules acquire a negative net charge and collect on the positively charged plate

27. Methodology • Electromagnetic Component • FDA study in 2000 demonstrated that many Bacteria/Cysts/Germs/Micro Living organisms could be destroyed by an Oscillating or Pulsed Magnetic Field. • Depends on Applied ripple-frequency, magnetic field strength, and duration of Electric-Pulses. • Pulsed-Non-ionizing Magnetic Low frequency/high frequency magnetic fields PMF-(0-50 kilohertz) can be generated using electromagnetic coils.

28. Methodology B • Leading theory states that a PMF can loosen the covalent bonds between ions and proteins in microorganisms. • Living Micro cells Membrane contains Charged + - ions!! • Ions move in a circular path when entering a perpendicular magnetic field. • The motion causes the protein molecules and ions to oscillate and eventually break the covalent bonds that bind them.

29. Methodology Initial Design (DESIGNED BY DR. SHARAF)

30. Methodology Initial Design (DESIGNED BY DR. SHARAF)

31. Methodology Br • E = V/d • E is a function of the Electric Potential divided by the distance between the plates. E Orthogonal Electric and Magnetic Fields

32. Methodology Cross-section of a finite solenoid Magnetic flux density along the axis of finitely long solenoid. Inductance of a solenoid

33. Methodology • Quick-Field FEM-Software- Simulations • 2-D finite element analysis program (Free Student Edition) • Electrostatic simulations based on Poisson’s Equation • Magnetic simulations are based on vector Poisson’s Equation

34. Work Completed • Researched several methods of airborne filtration and disinfection including electrostatic and electromagnetic methods. • Simulated magnetic and electric field strengths of the design elements using Quick-Field software. • Initiated the design of dual variable-frequency triggering circuits for electromagnetic coils. • Designed a prototype model using EM/ES with a second enhanced model with UV-ULTRA VIOLET and Sonic Wave generators as an ADD-ON Killing Mechanisms

35. TESTING • Testing (possibly at NB-RPC or NRC Test facilities.) • Testing for Sterilization/Kill Rate/Germicidal Effect for different: • Applied frequency • Flux Density EM- alone • EM/ES combined effect • EM/ES with ADD-ON UV and US-Ultra-Sonic waves • UV-GERMICIDAL Range and US in the range of 20-120 Kilohertz • Effect of Air Flow rate

36. References • 1.)    Hofmann, G.A. 1985. Deactivation of microorganisms by an oscillating magnetic field. U.S. Patent 4,524,079. • 2.)    Moore, R.L. 1979. Biological effects of magnetic fields. Studies with microorganisms. Can. J. Microbiol., 25:1145-1151. • 3.)    Kinetics of Microbial Inactivation for Alternative Food Processing Technologies . U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Available: URL http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/ift-omf.html. Last accessed 10 February 2004 • 4.)    Gary Wade and Rifetech. (1998). EXCITING POSSIBILITIES IN PULSED INTENSE MAGNETIC FIELD THERAPY. Rife Healing Energy. Available: URL http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/ift-omf.html. Last accessed 10 February 2004. • 5.)    Aerobiological Engineering: Electrostatic Precipitation. The Pennsylvania State University Aerobiological Engineering. Available: URL http://www.arche.psu.edu/iec/abe/electro.html. Last accessed 10 February 2004. • 6.)    What is an Ionizer. What is an Ionizer. Available: URL http://www.ionizer.com.my/What_is_ionizer.htm. Last accessed 10 February 2004.

37. QUESTIONS ??

38. Low Cost Stand-alone RenewablePhotovoltaic/Wind Energy Hybrid-Utilization Schemes Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf, SM IEEE

39. Presentation Outline • Introduction • Research Objectives • Low Cost Stand-alone Photovoltaic/Wind Schemes and Error Driven Controllers • Preliminary Results

40. Introduction • PV cells • PV modules • PV arrays • PV systems • Stand-alone photovoltaic systems • Hybrid renewable energy systems

41. The advantages of PV solar energy: • Clean and green energy source that can reduce green house gases • Highly reliable and needs minimal maintenance • Costs little to build and operate • Almost has no environmental polluting impact • Modular and flexible in terms of size, ratings and applications

42. Economical uses of stand-alone PV systems: • Small village electricity supply • Water pumping and irrigation systems • Cathodic- protection • Communications • Lighting and small appliances • Emergency power systems and lighting systems

43. I-V characteristics of the single solar cell The circuit diagram of the single solar cell

44. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) • The photovoltaic system displays an inherently nonlinear current-voltage (I-V) relationship, requiring an online search and identification of the optimal maximum power operating point. • MPPT controller is a power electronic DC/DC converter or DC/AC inverter system inserted between the PV array and its electric load to achieve the optimum characteristic matching • PV array is able to deliver maximum available solar power that is also necessary to maximize the photovoltaic energy utilization

45. I-V and P-V characteristics of a typical PV array at a fixed ambient temperature and solar irradiation condition

46. I-V characteristics of a typical PV array with various conditions

47. The performance of any stand-alone PV system depends on: • Electric load operating conditions/Excursions/ Switching • Ambient/junction temperature (Tx) • Solar Insolation/irradiation variations (Sx)

48. Research Objectives • Develop/test/validate mathematical models for stand-alone photovoltaic PV and PV/wind energy conversion schemes in MATLAB/Simulink/Sim-Power Systems software environment. • Design/test/validate novel maximum photovoltaic power tracking controllers for photovoltaic PV and PV/wind energy conversion schemes namely: (1) Photovoltaic Four-Quadrant PWM converter PMDC motor drive: PV-DC scheme I. (2) Photovoltaic DC/DC dual converter: PV-DC scheme II. (3) Photovoltaic DC/AC inverter: PV-AC scheme. (4) Hybrid photovoltaic/wind energy utilization scheme.

49. Low Cost Stand-alone Photovoltaic/Wind Schemes and Error Driven Controllers • Photovoltaic Four-Quadrant PWM Converter PMDC Motor Drive: PV-DC Scheme I • Photovoltaic DC/DC Dual Converter:PV-DC Scheme II • Photovoltaic DC/AC Inverter: PV-AC Scheme • Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind Energy Utilization Scheme

50. Photovoltaic Four-Quadrant PWM Converter PMDC Motor Drive: PV-DC Scheme I Photovoltaic powered Four-Quadrant PWM converter PMDC motor drive system