BROXBOURNE SCHOOL YEAR 12 EXPEDITION TRAINING

1. BROXBOURNE SCHOOL YEAR 12 EXPEDITION TRAINING

2. THE RECOVERY POSITION

3. How to put someone into the recovery position. Put the right hand by the head (as if they were waving)

4. Put the left arm across the chest, so that the back of the hand rests against the cheek

5. Hold the hand in place and lift up the left knee

6. Turn the person on their side by pushing down on the knee

9. BLEEDING • Bleeding • Minor cuts, scratches and grazes • Treatment • Wash and dry your own hands. • Cover any cuts on your own hands and put on disposable gloves. • Clean the cut, if dirty, under running water. • Pat dry with a sterile dressing or clean lint-free material. • If possible, raise affected area above the heart. • Cover the cut temporarily while you clean the surrounding • skin with soap and water and pat the surrounding skin dry. • Cover the cut completely with a sterile dressing or plaster.

10. Severe bleeding • Treatment • Put on disposable gloves. • Apply direct pressure to the wound. • Raise and support the injured limb. • Take particular care if you • suspect a bone has been broken. • Lay the casualty down to treat for • shock. • Bandage the pad or dressing • firmly to control bleeding. • If bleeding seeps through first bandage, • cover with a second bandage. • If bleeding continues to seep through • bandage, remove it and reapply. • Treat for shock. • Dial 999 for an ambulance. • Remember: protect yourself from infection by wearing disposable gloves and covering any wounds on your hands. • If blood comes through the dressing do not remove it –bandage another over the original. If blood seeps through both dressings, remove them both and replace with a fresh dressing, applying pressure over the site of bleeding.

11. Objects in wounds • Where possible, swab or wash small objects • out of the wound with clean water. • If there is a large object embedded: • Treatment • Leave it in place. • Apply firm pressure on either side of the object. • Raise and support the wounded limb or part. • Lay the casualty down to treat for shock. • Gently cover the wound and object with a sterile dressing. • Build up padding around the object until the padding is higher than the object, • then bandage over the object without pressing on it. • Depending on the severity of the bleeding, dial 999 for an ambulance or take the • casualty to hospital.

12. STRAINS AND SPRAINS

14. TREATING STRAINS AND SPRAINS IN WILD COUNTRY What would you do?

15. Shock • Recognition • In the case of a serious accident (and once you have treated any • obvious injuries and called an ambulance), watch for signs of shock; • Pale face. • Cold, clammy skin. • Fast, shallow breathing. • Rapid, weak pulse. • Yawning. • Sighing. • In extreme cases, unconsciousness. • Treatment • Lay the casualty down, raise and support their legs. • Use a coat or blanket to keep them warm – but not smothered. • Do not give them anything to eat or drink. • Check breathing and pulse frequently. If breathing stops, follow the • resuscitation sequence. • Give lots of comfort and reassurance.

16. Types of BurnsThere are three different kinds of burns. • They are classified by how severely the skin is burned. First degree or superficial burn: • A superficial burn is usually red and turns white if you press on it. • Only the top layer of skin is damaged. • Partial thickness burn: • These burns involve the top layer of skin and a portion of the • second layer of skin. • Partial thickness burns are often broken down into two types, • Superficial partical-thickness burns cause blistering and are painful. • They typically heal within three weeks with minimal scarring. • Deep partial-thickness burns are dry and may appear ivory or • pearly white. • They take longer to heal and usually produce some scarring. • Skin grafts are usually recommended for these types of burns. • Full thickness burns: • Full thickness burns destroy the first and • second layers of the skin. They are dry, with a dark brown • appearance. • Most full thickness burns are best treated with • early removal of the dead tissue.

18. What Is Heat Stroke?Heat stroke can cause hallucinations, death.Heat stroke symptoms and treatment Hot dry skin, no sweating, chills, high body temperature, mental confusion, slurred speech, get help, remove to cool shaded area, soak clothes with water, fan body, apply ice. Give plenty to drink.

19. What is it?Hypothermia is when your body temperature goes down below normal and stays there.Give me an example!When people get caught out in the weather -- like lost hikers – they can develop hypothermia. The best way to prevent hypothermia is to stay warm and dry, which means wearing multiple layers of clothing and having adequate shelter to keep you out of the rain, wind, and snow. Advanced cases of hypothermia can result in frostbite and even death. More people are killed by hypothermia in the outdoors each year than by all the alligator, grizzly, and shark attacks combined. Hypothermia is nothing to fool around with! So dress warm when you go outdoors and stay dry

20. TREATING HYPOTHERMIA IN WILD COUNTRY What would you do?