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Uncover the fascinating kingdom of fungi, from decomposers to mutualistic organisms, and learn how they play a vital role in ecosystems. Discover the characteristics of fungi, their feeding relationships, and symbiotic examples such as lichens and mycorrhizae. Explore the diverse structures and functions of fungi, from zygospores to ascospores, and grasp how they contribute to nutrient cycling and plant growth. Delve into the world of bread molds and mushrooms to understand their life cycles and ecological importance.
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Chapter 20 FUNGI
Fungus may be a DECOMPOSER, a PARASITE or a MUTUALISTIC ORGANISM that lives symbiotically w/another organism.
What might the Earth be like if there were no fungi to decompose dead materials? • Without fungi to decompose dead materials, organic wastes would build up and become toxic.
Kingdom Fungi • Cell wall (made of chitin) • CHITIN– complex carbohydrate in the cell wall of fungi • Not Motile • Absorptive Heterotrophs(No Chloroplasts) • Multicellular • Classified by the way they produce sexual spores
Imagine you have discovered a new organism growing near the base of a tree in your yard. How could you determine whether the organism is a fungus? • If it has a cell wall made of chitin but no chloroplast and decomposes organic material then it is a fungus • If it has a cell wall (cellulose) and it has chloroplasts then it is a plant.
5. Decomposers Organic material is digested OUTSIDE the fungal cells then absorbed. Transform complex organism substances into raw materials that other organisms can use. • Symbiosis • Mutualistic relationship: Both organismsbenefit and neither one is harmed.
What are three different feeding relationships in which fungi are engaged? • 1. Mutualistic • 2. Parasitic • 3. Saprophytic
SYMBIOTIC EXAMPLES • LICHENS – symbiotic association in which a fungus lives in close association with a green alga or Cyanobacteria • MYCORRHIZAE – symbiotic association in which a fungus lives in close contact with the roots of a plant partner (fungus & algae)
Mycorrhizae increase the ABSORPTIVE surface of plant roots. • If the roots are bare, the mycorrhizae associated with them will be stripped away. Without the mycorrhizae, most plants will not grow well.
7. HASUTORIA – in parasitic fungi, specialized hyphae that penetrate cells and absorb nutrients from living cells of their hosts. 8. ZYGOSPORE – Thick walled spores adapted to withstand unfavorable conditions.
09. SPORANGIUM – Case in which asexual spores are produced. 10. GAMETANGIUM – zygomycotes, the haploid structure in which gametes are produced 11. RHIZOIDS – structures that bread mold use in order to penetrate bread.
12. Fossils of fungi are rare due to fungi’s COMPOSITION OF SOFT MATERIAL 13. Fungi like bread mold will produce sexual zygospores when ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ARE UNFAVORABLE 14. ASCOSPORE – saclike structure produced by specialized hyphae
PICTURES of the following • A. BREAD MOLD • Identify the following: • Where spores form • Where sexual reproduction happens • Where zygospores would form is environmental conditions became unfavorable • Region that gathers nutrients • Region that anchors the fungus • B. MUSHROOM • Identify the following: • Where the spores are released • Where meiosis occurs • Region that anchors the fungus
