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District Heating and Cooling through the Utilization of Untapped Energy Sources

District Heating and Cooling through the Utilization of Untapped Energy Sources. Tokyo Toshi Service Co., Ltd. (TTS). Heat Supply Status (as of the end of FY2005). Heat supplied. Water. Ice thermal. Total floor. Heat sales. Heating. Cooling. Heat. region. thermal. storage. Heat

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District Heating and Cooling through the Utilization of Untapped Energy Sources

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  1. District Heating and Cooling through the Utilization of Untapped Energy Sources Tokyo Toshi Service Co., Ltd. (TTS) APEC 2007/1/29

  2. Heat Supply Status(as of the end of FY2005) Heat supplied Water Ice thermal Total floor Heat sales Heating Cooling Heat region thermal storage Heat suppliers area volume capacity capacity all areas storage tank tank supplied 3 3 regions （1000㎡） （1000㎡） （1000GJ） （GJ/hr） （GJ/hr） （ｍ ） （ｍ ） 89 153 45,053 47,015 25,072 15,820 13,655 265,885 22,627 Nationwide 1 16 1,819 3,338 1,376 619 876 86,906 320 TTS (Source: Heat supply project booklet 2006) (Note: TTS operates in 17 regions + one region that is not subject to the Heat Supply Business Law) APEC 2007/1/29

  3. Natural energy sources Untapped Energy Sources (as of the end of FY2005) Nationwide TTS Untapped energy sources Classification Waste incineration/plant 8 0 Subways Urban 2 0 Substations/transformers waste 10 5 Waste/reclaimed oil heat 3 0 Power plant extraction steam 2 0 6（1） 1 Recycled wastewater/sewage River water 4（1） 1 Sea water 4 0 Groundwater 2（1） 1 Total 41（3） 8 (Source: Heat supply project booklet 2006) Figures in ( ): regions adopting other energy sources APEC 2007/1/29

  4. Annual heat sales (17 regions): 1.39 million GJ products ・Cold water: 79% 　　　　　 　　　 ・Hot water: 19% 　　　　 　　　 　 ・Hot water supply: 2% 250,000 200,000 Cold water for air-conditioning 150,000 Hot water for air-conditioning ＧＪ Hot water supply 100,000 50,000 0 May July April June March August January October February December November September TTS Monthly Heat Sales Results (FY2005) APEC 2007/1/29

  5. Features and Effectiveness of TTS System Heat pump Introduced in 17 regions ＋ Thermal storage Treated sewage effluent, river water, underground water, substation waste heat: utilized in 8 regions (Air-conditioning waste heat: utilized in 17 regions) ＋ Untapped energy sources APEC 2007/1/29

  6. Effectiveness of Heat Recovery Pump（Recovery of air-conditioning waste heat, one form of untapped energy) Air-conditioning waste heat is recovered (heat recycling) from autumn to spring, enabling extensive energy conservation COP: Electric power input=１　 Cold water generation＝3.5 Hot water generation＝4.0 (Simultaneous production of cold/warm heat） During thermal storage Heat pump Electric power Heat exchanger Hot water storage tank Cold waterstorage tank APEC 2007/1/29

  7. Heat Pump Operation (during summer) Heat energy: 6 Heat exchanger (condenser) Sewage effluent Energy (electric power): 1 Compressor Motor Pressure Heat energy: 5 Reduced pressure Heat exchanger (vaporizer) Cold water Heat intake APEC 2007/1/29

  8. Thermal Storage Tanks ■Mechanism ■Thermal storage ■Effectiveness During thermal storage ●Improvement of energy utilization efficiency by continuous rating operation ●Downsizing of heat pump capacity: ・ Downsizing from A to B ・ Requires less space for the control/ operations room Load Cold water storage tank Hot water storage tank Heat pump Time 22 ① Store ice, cold/hot water at night ② Release heat during day in accordance with the variations of air-conditioning loads ③ Heat shortages offset by heat pump Thermal Storage tank & Distributor APEC 2007/1/29

  9. Multifunction Storage Tanks (“community tanks”) Regular use: ・Cold/hot water for air-conditioning Special uses: ・ Toilet flushing water ・ Domestic water: laundry/washing Emergency use: 　・Fire fighting APEC 2007/1/29

  10. Location ● 　・ Long distance between untapped energy sources and users Untapped Energy Sources: Characteristics and Issues ■ Characteristics ■ Utilization issues (Excluding high-temperature exhaust heat fromincineration plants, etc.) Timing Available heat variations ● Untapped Availability ・ Difficult to match availability of untapped energy energy source with user demand sources Low Moderate High High Moderate Low Treated ○ ○ sewage effluent River water ○ ○ Temperature ● Sea water ○ ○ ・ Insufficient heat level of untapped Recycled energy sources often make the ○ ○ wastewater utilization by users difficult. ○ ○ Industrial water Resolution: combination of a heat pump and a storage tank APEC 2007/1/29

  11. Project example:Heat Supply by Treated Sewage Effluent Heat Utilization APEC 2007/1/29

  12. Project example:Heat Supplied Areas Operations began April 1991 Supplied area Distribution pipes Higashi Kanto highway Heat source water pipes Users ●Heat supplied areas Sumitomo Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd. Seiko Instruments Inc. Canon Inc. IBM Japan Part of Hibino 1 and 2 and Nakase 1 and 2, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba Pref. Central plant Robot FA ●Supplied floor areas Makuhari Kaihin Park SHARP 2nd plant (planned) 48.9ha Makuhari Techno Garden Messe Mall ●Plant location Hotel Springs FUJITSU Nakase 1-3 G, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba Pref. Plant total areas: 3,124㎡ Makuhari Annex Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. KITS Aeon Co., Ltd. ●Heat supply system Kaihin Makuhari Station JR Keiyo Line Storage heat pump, utilizing electric power at night (heat source: treated sewage) Inbanuma sewage treatment pond to Hanami river terminal water treatment plant Inbanuma sewage treatment pond to Hanami river 2nd terminal water treatment plant APEC 2007/1/29

  13. To the second plant Project example:Central Plant System（Summer time） Cooling tower Heat source (treated sewage effluent ) Turbo refrigerator (in the future) Users Heat exchangers 1800RT×4 Heat exchanger 750RT Heat exchanger 1500RT Low heat exchanger Hot water storage tank Cold water storage tank HP: water heat source heat pump DB: double band heat recovery pump APEC 2007/1/29

  14. Project example:Principal Equipment Heat medium Cold water (temp. at time supplied ) Hot water (temp. at time supplied ) Temperature Pressure Principal equipment at the central plant Unit Capacity/# of units Heat recovery pump Cooling RT Heating MJ Treated sewage effluent heat pump Cooling RT Heating MJ Heat sources Refrigerator Cooling RT Total cold heat Total heat Cold water tank Hot water tank Storage tanks Hot/cold water tank Storage tank total APEC 2007/1/29

  15. Apr. Apr. May May Jun. Jun. Jul. Jul. Aug. Aug. Sept. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. Jan. Jan. Mar. Mar. Dec. Dec. Feb. Feb. Project example:Treated Sewage Effluent Temperature ｏ　Stable temperature throughout the year compared to outside air ｏ　Effective as heat source for a heat pump due to lower temp. than OAT in summer/higher temp. in winter. 50 Hot water: 48℃ Hot water: 48℃ 40 30 ℃ 20 10 Cold water: 5℃ Cold water: 5℃ 0 ４月 ５月 ６月 ７月 ８月 ９月 １０月 -10 Maximum OAT Maximum OAT Minimum OAT Minimum OAT Sewage avg. temp. Sewage effluent APEC 2007/1/29

  16. Sewage effluent HP (cold water) Sewage effluent HP (hot water) Air heat HP (cold water) Air heat HP (hot water) Project example:Effectiveness of the Utilization of Untapped Energy Sources Heat pump coefficient of performance (COP) Aug. 2004/Jan. 2005) 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 COP 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Average temp.（℃） Sewage effluent HP (cold water) Sewage effluent HP (hot water) Air heat HP (cold water) Air heat HP (hot water) APEC 2007/1/29

  17. COP of Heat Recovery Pump (Mar. 2005) 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 R-3 5.0 R-4 4.0 COP R-5 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 Average outside air temperature （℃） Project example:Effectiveness of the Utilization of Untapped Energy Sources APEC 2007/1/29

  18. Project example:Heat Generation Ratio by Pump Type (2004) Dependency on sewage effluent heat: 63% Sewage effluent HP (cold water) Sewage effluent HP (hot water) Turbo HP (cold water) Heat recovery pump (cold water) Heat recovery pump (hot water) APEC 2007/1/29

  19. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Project example:Effectiveness of the Utilization of Untapped Energy Sources Cold water COP Hot water Hot water supply (steam) Note: COP＝heat sales (GJ)/ total plant energy input (GJ) APEC 2007/1/29

  20. Project example:Effectiveness of Utilization of Untapped Energy Sources ■ Reduction effects Combustion Air heat pump 38% 13% Energy conservation Reduction of CO 47% 13% 2 Water conservation ~230,000m3 ~120,000m3 Notes: ・Combustion method: boiler + absorption chiller ・Primary energy basic unit (electric power): 9760kJ/kWh ・CO2 emission basic unit: electric power: 0.381kg/kWh gas: 2.362kg/m3 APEC 2007/1/29

  21. Total Energy Efficiency in Domestic Heat Supplied Areas (FY2005) Projects introduced in this presentation Air-conditioning by electric power (thermal storage) (untapped energy utilized) 0.7 to 1.3 Air-conditioning by electric power (thermal storage) 0.7 to 1.2 Cogeneration system 0.5 to 0.8 Total energy efficiency Air-conditioning by gas 0.45 to 0.8 ○Thermal storage (untapped energy) □Thermal storage (general) △Gas (cogeneration) ×Gas (general) ●Combined Air-conditioning by electric power/gas 0.45 to 1.0 Energy sales (GJ) Source: Heat supply project booklet 2006 Calculated by electricity: 9,760kJ/kWh and city gas: 46.0MJ/m3 Total energy efficiency = energy sales/primary energy input APEC 2007/1/29

  22. Challenges in the Utilization of Untapped Energy Sources ■Technological challenges: ○　Development of affordable untapped energy networking technologies 　　 ○ Materialization of network concept and development of utilization technologies ■Social issues: ○　Incorporation into social system: i.e. getting society to think of waste heat utilization the way people think about recycling their garbage ○　Collaboration with various types of urban infrastructure planners/construction companies 　　○　Establishment of effective project subsidy schemes and further improvement of government’s support Ongoing projects: 　・Project for Supporting New Energy Operators 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ・ “Eco-town Networking Project” ■Recent developments: ○　New National Energy Strategy (issued May 31, 2006) 　　　　　　　　・　“Promotion of Untapped Energy Utilization” APEC 2007/1/29

  23. Thank you for your attention! ＴＴＳ APEC 2007/1/29

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