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Opium Poppy

Opium Poppy. Opium Poppy: Papaver somniferum. Member of the Papaveraceae, poppy family Description Latex History. Fresh capsule of opium poppy. Cut capsule showing latex exuding from cut. Ancient medical use. Babylonia, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman civilizations

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Opium Poppy

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  1. Opium Poppy

  2. Opium Poppy: Papaver somniferum • Member of the Papaveraceae, poppy family • Description • Latex • History

  3. Fresh capsule of opium poppy Cut capsule showing latex exuding from cut

  4. Ancient medical use • Babylonia, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman civilizations • Hippocrates, Theophrastus, Dioscorides, and Galen • Methods • Opium eaten, drunk, and smoked • Opium wine • Artifacts from ancient societies

  5. Terra cotta head from Knossos bearing a corona of poppy capsules

  6. Opium Alkaloids • Morphine and codeine most important • Heroin – a semi-synthetic derivative of morphine - diacetyl morphine • Illegal in US since 1914 (Harrison Act)

  7. Isoquinoline alkaloids

  8. Opiates

  9. Mode of action of opiates • Bind to opiate receptors in membrane of neurons of the brain and spinal column (ID’d in 1970s) • The natural ligands are endorphins and enkephalins which are released at synapses • Inhibit “Substance P”

  10. Opiate receptors • m (mu) receptors - analgesia, euphoria • k (kappa) receptors - sedation, spinal cord analgesia • d (delta) receptors - Antitussive (coughing) properties, emesis (vomiting), and anticholinergic (constipation) • sigma receptors - cardiac stimulation no longer considered an opiate receptor

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