Prepared by: Marcos Chalas Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University

1. ECE5320 MechatronicsAssignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: ApogeePrecisionInfrared Radiometer Prepared by: Marcos Chalas Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: m.chalas@aggiemail.usu.edu W: http://www.engineering.usu.edu/ece March 11, 2010

2. Outline • Reference list • To probe further • Introduction • Major applications • Basic working principle illustrated • A typical sample configuration in application. • Major specifications • Limitations • Other relevant issues ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

3. Reference list • http://www.campbellsci.com/documents/product-brochures/b_si-111.pdf • http://www.wikipedia.org • http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/I/infrared_radiometer.html • http://www.eppleylab.com/PrdPrecInfRadmtr.htm • http://www.apogeeinstruments.com/manuals/InfraredRadiometerTM_Manual.pdf ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

4. To explore further • http://www.campbellsci.com/documents/manuals/si-111.pdf • Google is also another good source of information. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

5. Introduction Precision infrared radiometer is an instrument that measures the intensity of infrared energy coming from source. http://www.campbellsci.com/si-111 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

6. Introduction (cont.) • A precision infrared radiometer senses the radiation emitted by the target and provides a non-contact means of measuring its temperature. A thermopile and a thermistor are housed in a rugged aluminum body that contains a germanium window. temperature. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

7. Major applications Precision infrared radiometers have a broad range of applications such as: • Road surface temperature • Plant canopy temperature for irrigation scheduling and crop water stress • Soil, snow, and water surface temperatures ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

8. Basic Working Principle The infrared radiometer is comprised of a thermopile, which measures surface temperature, and a thermistor, which measures sensor body temperature. Both the thermopile and the thermistor output a millivolt signal. Then, the millivolt signal is measured and plugged in the Stefan-Boltzman equation, which corrects for the effect of sensor body temperature on the target temperature. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

9. A typical sample configuration in application Canopy temperature measurements in crops http://www.apogeeinstruments.com/IR_applicationsCWSI.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

10. Example of Operation Infrared Radiometer mounted on a pole for measurement http://www.apogeeinstruments.com/infrared_temperature_sensors.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

11. Major Specifications • Sensitivity • Field of View: The FOV is reported as the half-angle of the apex of the cone formed by the target (cone base) and the detector (cone apex). • Temperature Dependence • Linearity • Response time ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

12. Major Specifications (cont.) • Body Temperature • Dimensions • Weight • Output Signal • Mechanical Vibration • Calibration: blackbody reference • Orientation: Performance is not affected by orientation or tilt. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

13. Limitations • Measure surface temperature when steam is coming out of the source • Another limitation is pointing the radiometer exactly to the source-point we want to measure. • Also, a wide field of view may be a problem when measuring to far from the source ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

14. Other Relevant Issues • Field of View • Installation • Advantages • Maintenance • Cost Information • Where to buy ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

15. Field of View http://www.campbellsci.com/documents/product-brochures/b_si-111.pdf http://www.apogeeinstruments.com/IR_measurement.htm ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

16. Installation • Mount the sensor close enough that the surface extends beyond the field of view. • Mount the sensor on a cross arm as shown below http://www.campbellsci.com/documents/manuals/si-111.pdf ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

17. Advantages • Non-Contact Device • Simple Design • Easy Installation • Long Operating Life • Easy Maintenance ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

18. Maintenance • Keep lens and view clean or the sensor will be measuring the temperature of the obstruction instead of the target object. • Cleans lens with moistened cotton swab with distilled water or alcohol. ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

19. Cost Information • The cost varies according to the custom coefficients and field of view. • Also, features like thermocouple and air purge effects the cost of the product. • The cost usually ranges from $598 to $839 depending on characteristics explained above ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators

20. Where to buy • Apogee Instruments, Inc Website http://webtrolley.org/mivastore/merchant.mv?Screen=CTGY&Store_Code=apogee&Category_Code=IRTS ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators