SEE-U 2001 Biosphere 2 Center, AZ Professors: Danoff-Burg, James Kittel, Tim TA: Erika Geiger

1. SEE-U 2001 Biosphere 2 Center, AZ Professors: Danoff-Burg, James Kittel, Tim TA: Erika Geiger Mei Ying Lai Asma Madad Eli Pristoop J.C. Sylvan

2. What is Globalization By globalization I think we generally mean: The ongoing global trend toward the freer flow of trade and investment across borders and the resulting integration of the international economy. Because it expands economic freedom and spurs competition, globalization raises the productivity and living standards of people in countries that open themselves to the global market. In a practical sense, globalization means: The trend to reduce the time, effort and cost to move things from one place on the globe to another. The reduction of barriers, both political and natural, to the free movement of information, goods, and people. Improved communication: we can speak to people, share ideas, and find information easier than ever.

3. Introduction: • Why should we globalize? • Free trade; Exchange of ideas within worldwide context • Freedom from government restrictions/regulations – removal of hierarchy • United Nations as “Global Police” – Human Rights Standards, intervention, and aid • Increases technological awareness worldwide – unification. • Economic benefits for developing nations – better standard of living ( improved efficiency, education, awareness, contraception) • Why we cannot afford to stop globalization? • No alternative • Diversity

4. Globalization: One World One Peace “The freer the flow of world trade, the stronger the tides of human progress and peace among nations.” -- Ronald Reagan Free Trade between different peoples across the world presents opportunity for interaction and understanding where it would otherwise be unlikely.

5. Freedom From Totalitarianism • When nations impose tariffs, it actually reduces GNP. • Stanford economist Paul Romer calculates that if a developing nation imposes a 10% across the board tariff, the cost in investments and profits from the new economic activity being blocked could run as high as 20%. • Globalization acts as a check to governmental power. • While globalization may confront government officials with more difficult choices, the result for their citizens is greater individual freedom, making it more difficult for governments to abuse the freedom and property of their citizens.

6. United Nations As Global Police Force • The United Nations is central to global efforts to solve problems which challenge humanity. Cooperating in this effort are more than 30 affiliated organizations, known together as the UN system. Day in and day out, the UN and its family of organizations work to promote respect for: • human rights • protect the environment • fight disease • foster development and reduce poverty. • UN agencies define the standards for: • safe and efficient transport by air and sea • help improve telecommunications and enhance consumer protection • work to ensure respect for intellectual property rights and coordinate allocation of radio frequencies. • The United Nations leads the international campaigns against drug trafficking and terrorism. • Throughout the world, the UN and its agencies assist refugees and set up programs to clear landmines, help improve the quality of drinking water and expand food production, make loans to developing countries and help stabilize financial markets.

7. TechnologicalIntegration • Globalization of Technology Enables the Exchange of Knowledge and Ideas • Availability of Knowledge Empowers All Citizens of the World to Pursue Their Interests • A World Unified in Knowledge is a World Unified in Understanding and Success.

8. Economic Benefits • Since the founding of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the world economy has grown 6-fold, in part because trade has expanded 16-fold. • Globalization has made it possible for more people to lift themselves out of grinding poverty more quickly than was ever possible before.

9. There is No Better Alternative • Reality: Their alternative is not a Western University education or Silicon Valley computer jobs, but an even lower-paying job with a local firm or unemployment. • Fact: In poor countries, American multinationals pay foreign citizens an average of 8.5 times the per capita GDP (Edward Graham, Institute of International Economics) • 1980s, advanced industrialized countries grew faster than developing states. In 1990s, when globalization accelerated  poor nations grew at 3.6% annually, twice that of that their richer neighbors.

10. Diversity and a Healthy World “One reason why environmental protection is lagging in many countries is low incomes. Countries that live on a margin may simply not be able to afford to set aside resources for pollution abatement … If poverty is at the core of the problem, economic growth will be part of the solution.” – WTO How is it that as the economy grow, pollution keeps falling? The answer is simple: market competition imposes a never-ending drive for efficiency and innovation. Since pollution results from a waste of a resource input, rising industrial efficiency results in lower pollution.

11. Biodiversity and Managing the Planet for the 21st Century Animals like the me need large territories to survive. Two United Nations-backed projects are helping countries to protect and manage the remaining natural forests that are home to endangered species like me. At the same time, these conservation projects provide local communities that depend on forest resources with alternative livelihoods.

12. References • There is no point for references in a global community. We are one.