Ch 10 Energy & Heat

1. Ch 10 Energy & Heat Vocabulary & Essential Question Test Review

2. Minute to Win It10.1 Energy transformations The temperature at which a substance turns into a solid Energy of Motion Matter that has no definite shape nor volume To gain heat and change state from a solid to a liquid Matter that has definite shape and volume Stored energy caused by position or the shape of an object Any form in which matter exists Temperature at which a substance turns into a gas Matter that has no definite shape but has definite volume The ability to move and do work To heat a liquid to a point where is changes to a gas To lose heat and change state from a liquid to a solid. Temperature at which a substance turns into a liquid. Freezing Point Kinetic Energy Gas Melt Solid Potential Energy State Boiling Point Liquid Energy Boil Freeze Melting Point

3. What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state? Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form (transforms) 2. Explain how this diagram demonstrates this Law  In the diagram, energy transforms from chemical to heat and electrical, then finishes with thermal energy in the coffee. Energy was not created or destroyed, it just kept changing form.

4. Minute to Win It10.1 Particle Energy & Law of Conservation Nuclear Energy Chemical Energy Thermal Energy Electrical Energy Electromagnetic Energy Friction Law of Conservations of Energy A type of potential energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom Potential energy stored in the bonds between the atoms of a substance Total kinetic and potential energy of a substance; depends on its temperature and the number of particles Energy of electrical charges Form of energy that travels through space in waves; ex. Radio waves, light waves, and gamma rays. Energy is neither created nor destroyed but changes form A force between two objects that rub against each other

5. 10.2 Thermal Energy, Temperature, & Heat Temperature scale used mostly in the U.S. Total kinetic and potential energy of a substance; depends on its temperature and the number of particles 3. Temperature scale with water at 0=freezing and 100=boiling Temperature scale with no negative numbers and is used by scientists The average kinetic energy of the particles in an object (depends on speed of particles only) No particle movement occurs at this point Farenheit Thermal Energy Celsius Kelvin Temperature Absolute Zero

6. Minute to Win It10.3 The transfer of Heat The transfer of thermal energy from a warmer area to a cooler area. Heat transfer that occurs when two objects are touching each other The name of the circular pattern formed in this type of heat transfer The transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves, does not require matter. Type of heat transfer caused by changes in the density in fluids Has no fixed shape and includes liquids and gases Heat Conduction Convection Current Radiation Convection Fluids

7. Essential Question Review • Q: How does heat affect a system? • A: Heat can change temperature in a system and cause a change in state of matter • Q: Why can adding or removing heat from a system cause a change in state of matter? • A: It changes the speed of the particles moving in the substance (slow = cool; fast = hot) • Q: What are the 5 forces of Energy that are related to particles? • A: “TEEN-C” = Thermal, Electrical, Electromagnetic, Nuclear, and Chemical • Q: What does the Law of Conservation of Energy State? • A: Energy is neither created NOR destroyed, it only changes form • Q: What is Friction? • A: A force when two objects rub together; this creates heat

8. Essential Question Review • Q: Explain how friction is a good example of energy being conserved • A: Friction shows energy is conserved (not created or destroyed) because two objects rubbing together transform kinetic energy into heat. • Q: What determines the temperature of an object? • A: The speed (how fast) the particles of are moving in the substance • Q: How is thermal energy different from temperature? • A: Thermal energy depends on the speed of the particles AND the number of particles, but temperature depends ONLY on the speed of the particles in the substance. • Q: How is heat transferred from one substance to another? • A: From the warmer substance to the cooler substance • Q: What are the 3 methods of heat transfer (describe each) • A: Conduction (objects touching), convection (density differences cause a circular pattern of fluids, radiation (EM waves heat things ex. Sun’s rays)

9. Self Check • You may Check your work on IAN pages 94-96 to make sure your answers are right.

10. What will the molecules do? Use the website below to see how the molecules move in each type of heat transfer http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/asset/lsps07_int_heattransfer/

11. Do IAN pg 94

12. 94

13. 94

14. 95 conduction radiation convection convection convection 5. The cause of weather systems on Earth is _______________. convection conduction

15. 95 convection conduction radiation convection conduction radiation conduction conduction

16. Question: How does an apple pie get cooked in an oven? Be sure to use the concepts of thermal energy, temperature, heat transfer, conduction, convection, and radiation to explain your answer. Answer Review - IAN pg 96 An apple pie gets cooked in the oven because of several types of heat transfer and an increase in the thermal energy of the apple pie. Turning on the oven causes a coil on the bottom of the oven to light up and heat the oven by radiation. The heat transfersfrom the hot coil to the colder oven and pie by radiation. As this heat transfers to the pie, the molecules vibrate faster, increasing the temperature and thermal energyof the pie. As the temperature rises, the inside of the pie cooks by convection because the water in the apples comes out as they cook. This provides a fluid inside the pie that will form a circular convection current due to differences in density that will make hot fluids rise, and cold fluids sink. The crust will continue to cook by radiation. This process may take about an hour. When it is done, you need to use potholders to take the hot apple pie out of the oven. If you don’t use potholders, you will probably burn your hands because the heat will transfer by conduction from the baking pan to your hands.