Safety Management – A Compromise Between Production and Protection

1. Safety Management – A Compromise Between Production and Protection Captain Dan Maurino Flight Safety and Human Factors – ICAO Worldwide Symposium on Performance of the Air Navigation System Montreal 26 – 30 March 2007

2. The First Ultra-Safe Industrial System • Fragile system (1920’s -1970’s) • Individual risk management & intensive training • Accident investigation 10-3 • Safe system (1970’s – mid 1990’s) • Technology & regulations • Incident investigation 10-5 • Ultra-safe system (mid 1990’s onwards) • Business management approach to safety (SMS) • Routine collection and analysis of operational data 10-7 Less than one catastrophic breakdown per million production cycles

3. In this unit safety is the first priority In this airport safety is first In this airline, safety comes first Truth or Falsehood?

4. To achieve specific production goals Truth What is the fundamental purpose of a business organization?

5. The Business Management Perspective • To achieve specific production goals, service providers must manage corebusiness processes • Managing safety is one such business process • Safety management is a core business function just as financial management, HR management, etc.

6. Resources Resources Protection Production A Balanced Compromise

7. Resources Resources Production Bankruptcy The Dilemma Protection

8. Resources Resources Production Catastrophe The Dilemma Protection

9. Building Safety Resilience… High Risk Low Maximum System output Minimum System’s Production Objective(s) Regulations Technology Safety Space Training

10. …Upon Business Management Practices • Safety issues are a byproduct of activities related to production/services delivery. • Managing safety – An analysis of an organization's resources and goals leading to • Balanced and realistic allocation of resources between protection and production goals • Support of the needs of the organization

11. Production, Protection & ICAO SARPs • States shall establish a safety programme, in order to achieve an acceptable level of safety in: • The operation of aircraft • The maintenance of aircraft • The provision of air traffic services • Aerodrome operations

12. Production, Protection & ICAO SARPs States shall require, as part of their safety programme, that a [service provider] implements a safety management system accepted by the State that, as a minimum: • Identifies safety hazards • Ensures that remedial action necessary to maintain an acceptable level of safety is implemented • Provides for continuous monitoring and regular assessment of the safety level achieved • Aims to make continuous improvement to the overall level of safety

13. Enter Acceptable Level of Safety The acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall be established by the State(s) concerned • Minimum safety performance that service providers should achieve while conducting their core business functions • Each agreed acceptable level of safety should be commensurate to • Complexity of individual service provider specific operational contexts • Availability of service provider resources to address safety concerns

14. Resources Resources Protection Production Oversight Safety assurance In Search of the Balanced Compromise Protection State safety programme Objective: Public safety Production Acceptance Oversight Objective: Achieve commercial goals and customer satisfaction Organization’s safety management system (SMS) Organization’s production processes Objective: Control safety risk

15. Safety Management – Excuses and Fear • Denial: ritualistic rejection of change • Repair: cover-up, cosmetic adaptation denying progress • Reform: engaging the will to change