320 likes | 325 Views
Bellwork: 8/17. Put phone in your pocket . Week 8/13-8/17 List 2 examples of science and 2 examples of pseudoscience. What is the scientific method? Try to list some of the steps. Objective. Learn the scientific processes that scientists use to investigate the natural world. Today:.
E N D
Bellwork: 8/17 Put phone in your pocket Week 8/13-8/17 List 2 examples of science and 2 examples of pseudoscience. What is the scientific method? Try to list some of the steps
Objective • Learn the scientific processes that scientists use to investigate the natural world
Today: • Part III Notes • POGIL
Materials • Unit Book
Homework • Quiz on Google Classroom – due Monday at 11:59pm
Intro ? • Jane Goodall in Gombe Africa • Observed chimpanzees using sticks to gather termites from a tree • She concluded from this and other observations that chimpanzees had the brain power to use tools for useful function • Is this science or pseudoscience? Explain your reasoning & be prepared to share
Science • Way of investigating and learning about the natural world • Accomplished through inquiry
Scientific Inquiry Involves… • Making Observations • Gather information about natural world using our senses & scientific tools • Developing Scientific Questions • Forming Logical Hypotheses • Tentative answer to the formulated question • Testing Hypotheses • Through experimentation • Analyzing Data & Drawing Conclusions
Identify Which of the Following Questions are Scientific… • How is bug blood different from human blood? • Is rock music better than hip-hop music? • Is vegetarianism more ethical than eating meat? • Does God exist? • Why does bright light cause some people to sneeze?
What criteria did you use to determine whether the questions were scientific?
Scientific Questions • Focuses on natural phenomena • Related to scientific concepts • Investigated through experimentation • Leads to gathering of data about how the natural world works
Scientific Questions • DO NOT ASK ABOUT • Supernatural phenomena • Personal preference • Moral values • Religious beliefs • WHY???
To be Testable, Scientific Questions Must Include… • Independent Variable: the variable manipulated • Dependent Variable: the variable measured
Think • While walking outside one night, you notice that there are a lot of moths gathered around an outside lamp • Think about this observation & develop a scientific question to investigate this phenomenon • Write the question on your note guide. Circle the independent variable & the dependent variable in your question.
Scientific Inquiry • Often involves controlled experiments • Characteristics of controlled experiment • Manipulate one variable keeping the other variables fixed • Consists of: • Experimental Group: exposed to condition tested • Controlled Group: not exposed to tested condition • Fixed Variable: variables kept constant other than variable tested
Think • Based on the scientific questions you developed on the moths, determine the experimental group, control group, & the fixed variables. • Record on your note guide • Be ready to share
Practice Problem • Do plants grow taller in the light? • Experimental Group • Control Group • Fixed Variable • Independent Variable • Dependent Variable
Practice Problem • Do plants grow taller in the light? • Experimental Group • Control Group • Fixed Variable • Independent Variable • Dependent Variable
Practice Problem • How does leaving Vitamin K out of the diet affect the health of the rat? • Experimental Group • Control Group • Fixed Variable • Independent Variable • Dependent Variable
Practice Problem • How does leaving Vitamin K out of the diet affect the health of the rat? • Experimental Group • Control Group • Fixed Variable • Independent Variable • Dependent Variable
Hypothesis • Tentative answer to the scientific question • Hypothesis must be testable and falsifiable • “If…then…because” statement • A well-written hypothesis includes • Experimental Group • Predicted Result • Possible Reason for the Prediction Result
Example of a Well-Written Hypothesis • If the amount of fertilizer given to seeds is increased then the seeds will grow faster because nutrients in fertilizer is required for growth • What is the experimental group? • What is the predicted result? • What is the possible reason for the result?
Think • Write down what you think the difference between a hypothesis & a scientific theory is.
Scientific Theory • Explanation for something that has occurred in nature • Tested by many different experiments and many different experimenters • Distinction from hypothesis – involves a single experiment
Thumbs Up = Scientific TheoryThumbs Down = Hypothesis • Is the explanation of evolution by natural selection a scientific theory or a hypothesis?
Characteristics of a Scientific Theory • Best possible explanation • Not the absolute truth • Tentative • Example: • “Dinosaur extinction is a result of a huge asteroid that struck Earth 65 million years ago”
Think • Why is the theory on dinosaur extinction not set in stone?
Scientific Inquiry • Does not always include: • Controlled Experiments • Testable Hypotheses • Ex. Discovery Science • Descriptive • Observes and collects data that describes natural structures or processes
Examples of Discovery Science • Mapping of the human genome • Accidental discovery of antibiotic penicillin by Alexander Fleming • Identifying new species of plants and animals • Jane Goodall’s observation of chimpanzee behavior