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The Holocaust. Holocaust. Systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups judged inferior. Hitler favored the _____________ or “master race” Aryan refers to Indo-European peoples who began to migrate into the Indian sub-continent. Steps in Hitler’s Holocaust.
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Holocaust • Systematic mass slaughter of Jews and other groups judged inferior. • Hitler favored the _____________ or “master race” • Aryan refers to Indo-European peoples who began to migrate into the Indian sub-continent
Steps in Hitler’s Holocaust • Stir up hatred/indoctrinate-(propaganda link) http://www.ushmm.org/propaganda/exhibit.html#/gallery/ • Identification of Jews • Slowly take away citizenship/personal freedoms • Segregation Laws-Nuremburg race laws • Ghettos • Concentration Camps • Death Camps
Others targeted • Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, the dissenting clergy, disabled, Communists, Socialists, asocial, and other political enemies. • http://fcit.usf.edu/Holocaust/People/Victims.htm • http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143&MediaId=3372
The Holocaust (1941-45) • Of the 60 million World War II deaths,_______ million people died in German death camps including 3.5 million Russians, and 6 million Jews (2/3rds of all European Jews) • The word________________was given to the killing of the 6 million Jews because it was a war of extermination designed to wipe out an entire group of people. • Hitler’s “Final Solution” • Systematic genocide
Holocaust Chronology • Jan 30, 1933 - Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany a nation with a Jewish population of 566,000. • April 1, 1933 - Nazis stage a boycott of Jewish shops and businesses. • April 11, 1933 - Nazis issue a decree defining a non-Aryan as "anyone descended from non-Aryan, especially Jewish parents or grandparents. One Jewish parent or grandparent classifies the descendant as non-Aryan.
Holocaust Chronology • July 14, 1933 - Nazi Party is declared the only legal party in Germany; Also, Nazis pass a law to strip Jewish immigrants from Poland of their German citizenship. • July 1933- Nazis pass laws allowing for forced sterilization of those found by a Hereditary Health Court to have genetic defects. • Nov 24, 1933 - Nazis pass a Law against Habitual and Dangerous Criminals, which allows beggars, the homeless, alcoholics and the unemployed to be sent to concentration camps. • Sept 15, 1935 – Nuremburg Laws
Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 • Deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich. • The laws also made it forbidden for Jews to marry or have sexual relations with Aryans. • The Nuremberg Laws had the unexpected result of causing confusion and heated debate over who was a "full Jew." • The Nazis settled on defining a "full Jew" as a person with three Jewish grandparents. Those with less were designated asMischlinge. • After the Nuremberg Laws of 1935, a dozen supplemental Nazi decrees were issued that eventually outlawed the Jews completely, depriving them of their rights as human beings.
The white figures represent Aryans; the black figures represent Jews; and the shaded figures represent Mischlinge.
Holocaust Chronology • July 23, 1938 - Nazis order Jews over age 15 to apply for Identification cardsfrom the police, to be shown on demand to any police officer. • November 1938-Kristallnacht“Night of Broken Glass” Jewish homes and businesses destroyed. 100 Jewish people are killed • Oct 1939- Nazis begin euthanasia on sick and disabled in Germany. http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_ph.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005200&MediaId=881 • March 7, 1941 - German Jews ordered into forced labor.
A Jewish man wearing the yellow star walks along a street in Germany.
Ghettos • The Jewish people were forced to live in designated areas of European cities. • The areas were sealed off with barbed wire and stone blocks • Many Jewish people starved to death or died of disease.
One of the most famous photos taken during the Holocaust shows Jewish families arrested by Nazis during the destruction of the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland, and sent to be gassed at Treblinka extermination camp.
“Final Solution” • The Nazis plan to annihilate the Jewish population. • To carry out the final solution there were three types of concentration camps • Labor camps • Holding camps • Death camps
Concentration Camps • If you survived the ghetto you could eventually be transported to a concentration camp or death camp • Concentration Camps were areas to hold Jews and others considered in superior. People were starved and worked to death. • bhttp://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005189&MediaId=3371e murdered • http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_fi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005145&MediaId=210
Concentration Camps • Many Jews taken to concentration camps, or labor camps • families often separated • Camps were originally prisons; given to the SS to warehouse “undesirables” • Prisoners were crammed into wooden barracks and given little food • Work dawn to dusk, 7 days per week • Those too weak to work are killed
"The brute Schmidt was our guard; he beat and kicked us if he thought we were not working fast enough. He ordered his victims to lie down and gave them 25 lashes with a whip, ordering them to count out loud. If the victim made a mistake, he was given 50 lashes. . . . Thirty or 40 of us were shot every day. A doctor usually prepared a daily list of the weakest men. During the lunch break they were taken to a nearby grave and shot. They were replaced the following morning by new arrivals from the transport of the day. . . . It was a miracle if anyone survived for five or six months in Belzec."—RUDOLF REDER quoted in The Holocaust
Death Camps • Places where people were transported for extermination • Many were gassed and then either buried in mass graves or cremated • bhttp://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_nm.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005189&MediaId=3371e murdered Video link liberation of Majdanek • http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_fi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005145&MediaId=210 • Video link-Auschwitz liberation • http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/media_fi.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005151&MediaId=238
At Belzec death camp, SS Guards stand in formation outside the kommandant's house.
A view of Majdanek, which served as a concentration camp and also as a killing center for Jews.
Liberation Begins • Systematic killing began in 1941 and by Jan. 27, 1945 Soviet troops liberated Auschwitz. By this time, an estimated 2,000,000 persons, including 1,500,000 Jews, have been murdered there. • April 29, 1945 - U.S. 7th Army liberates Dachau.
Conclusion • The saying from the Holocaust is Never Forget. • Why is their still genocide in the world? • What makes the Holocaust different from other genocides
There have been many massacres during the course of world history. And the Nazis murdered many non-Jews in concentration camps. • What is unique about Hitler’s Final Solution of the Jewish Problem,” was the Nazi’s determination to murder without exception every single Jew who came within grasp, and the fanaticism, ingenuity, and cruelty with which they pursued their goal.
Life in a Concentration Camp • A prisoner in Dachau is forced to stand without moving for endless hours as a punishment. He is wearing a triangle patch identification on his chest. • A chart of prisoner triangle identification markings used in Nazi concentration camps which allowed the guards to easily see which type of prisoner any individual was.
Nazis sift through the enormous pile of clothing left behind by the victims of a massacre. (1941)
Soviet POWs at forced labor in 1943 exhuming bodies in the ravine at Babi Yar, where the Nazis had murdered over 33,000 Jews in September of 1941.
Survivors in Mauthausen open one of the crematoria ovens for American troops who are inspecting the camp.
A warehouse full of shoes and clothing confiscated from the prisoners and deportees gassed upon their arrival. The Nazis shipped these goods to Germany.
