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Earth Systems Review and Climate Review

Get answers to 42 multiple-choice questions and 2 FRQs related to Earth systems, climate, and plate tectonics. Learn about the age of Earth, elements in the crust and core, plate movements, soil formation, erosion, mining, and more.

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Earth Systems Review and Climate Review

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  1. Earth Systems Review and Climate Review Chapter 8 & part of Chapter 4 2019 42 multiple choice questions and 2 FRQs

  2. 231-232 Chapter 8 Answers 1 D 2 C 3 C 4 E 5 E 6 D 7 C 8 B 9 E 10 E 11 A 12 B

  3. The solar system began as a nebula. How old is Earth?

  4. The solar system began as a nebula. How old is Earth? 4.6 billion years

  5. 1. Name the most common element in the Earth’s crust. 2. Name the most common element in the Earth’s core.

  6. 1. Name the most common element in the Earth’s crust. Oxygen 2. Name the most common element in the Earth’s core. Nickle and Iron

  7. How does the Theory of Plate Tectonics explain volcanoes and earthquakes?

  8. How does the Theory of Plate Tectonics explain volcanoes and earthquakes? The earth’s crust is broken into plates. These plates are moved by convection currents. Melting plates create earthquakes, plates that move after being temporarily stuck cause earthquakes.

  9. What makes the plates move?

  10. What makes the plates move? Convection currents

  11. Plates move about 2 centimeters a year. There are 100 cm in a meter and 1000 m in a km. How many years would it take for a divergent boundary to widen by 1 km?

  12. Plates move about 2 centimeters a year. There are 100 cm in a meter and 1000 m in a km. How many years would it take for a divergent boundary to widen by 1 km? 1 km x 1000 m x 100 cm x 1 year = 50,000 years 1 km 1 m 2 cm or 100 cm/meter * 1000m/km = 100,000 cm / km. 100,000 cm divided by 2 cm per year = 50,000 years for the plates to diverge 1 km.

  13. What does plate tectonics do to the biodiversity of the earth?

  14. What does plate tectonics do to the biodiversity of the earth? As plates move, animals must adapt to the new climates, form new species or go extinct.

  15. Which type of sediment has the least permeability to water?

  16. Which type of sediment has the least permeability to water? clay Which type of sediment has the largest size?

  17. Which type of sediment has the least permeability to water? clay Which type of sediment has the largest size? Sand

  18. Which type of sediment has a high cation exchange capacity?

  19. Which type of sediment has a high cation exchange capacity? Clay

  20. Identify the soil horizons below. 1 2 3 4

  21. Identify the soil horizons below.

  22. How long does it take to make soil?

  23. How long does it take to make soil? Hundreds to thousands of years.

  24. What soil horizon includes top soil?

  25. What soil horizon includes top soil? A horizon

  26. What season will have the thickest O horizon in a deciduous forest in the northern hemisphere? (O horizon)

  27. What season will have the thickest O horizon in a deciduous forest in the northern hemisphere? Fall (O horizon)

  28. Acids ______________ pH and limestone ________ pH. Limestone (calcium carbonate) being dropped in a lake.

  29. Acids decrease pH and limestone increases pH. Limestone (calcium carbonate) being dropped in a lake.

  30. What causes erosion?

  31. What causes erosion? Wind, water, plowing, worms, gophers vehicular/foot traffic, mining, roads, build homes, storms, etc..

  32. The rate of erosion is related to the surface area of the rock. Which of the following metamorphic rocks would erode the fastest: Rock A with a mass of 400 grams and a surface area of 50 cm2. Rock B with a mass of 400 grams and a surface area of 500 cm2.

  33. The rate of erosion is related to the surface area of the rock. Which of the following metamorphic rocks would erode the fastest: Rock A with a mass of 400 grams and a surface area of 50 cm2. Rock B with a mass of 400 grams and a surface area of 500 cm2 is fastest because the more area that is exposed, the more the wind, rain, roots and snow can weather away.

  34. Look at the jar below. Which layer would most likely be the silt layer? The blue layer is water.

  35. Look at the jar below. Which layer would most likely be the silt layer? The blue layer is water

  36. Which of the following pictures represents humus? A B C D

  37. Which of the following pictures represents humus? B A B C D

  38. Identify the type of coal mining in the picture below:

  39. Identify the type of coal mining in the picture below: surface/strip mining or open pit

  40. Identify the type of mining shown below:

  41. Identify the type of mining shown below: surface/placer deposits

  42. Identify the type of coal mining shown in the picture below:

  43. Identify the type of coal mining shown in the picture below: subsurface mining

  44. Contrast subsurface and surface mining in terms of impacts to miners

  45. Contrast subsurface and surface mining in terms of impacts to miners

  46. Contrast subsurface and surface mining in terms of impacts to habitat

  47. Contrast subsurface and surface mining in terms of impacts to habitat

  48. Compare & Contrast the Mining Law of 1872 and the Mining Law of 1977

  49. Compare & Contrast the Mining Law of 1872 and the Mining Law of 1977

  50. What does acid mine drainage do to the pH of water downstream of the mine?

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