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Exploring The Periodic Table: From Mendeleev to Modern Elements

Discover the history, development, and key features of the periodic table. Learn about atomic numbers, chemical symbols, element properties, and more! This engaging guide provides insights into the organization of elements and their significance in chemistry. Unravel the mystery behind chemical families, physical states, electron configurations, and the fascinating world of metals and non-metals. Dive deep into the characteristics of alkali metals, transition metals, rare-earth elements, and noble gases. Understand the importance of electron arrangement, oxidation numbers, energy levels, and chemical families. Explore the distinct properties of metalloids, halogens, and the inert noble gases. Enhance your knowledge of electron configurations, the octet rule, and quantum numbers to comprehend the intricate nature of atoms.

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Exploring The Periodic Table: From Mendeleev to Modern Elements

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  1. T h e P e r i o d i c T a b l e

  2. T h e P e r i o d i c T a b l e M o s t o f w h a t y o u n e e d i s o n i t

  3. T h e P e r i o d i c T a b l e T h e e l e m e n t s o n t h e t a b l e a r e a r r a n g e d a c c o r d i n g t o i n c r e a s i n g A t o m i c N u m b e r

  4. D e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e T a b l e • W h a t w a s t h e t a b l e l i k e b e f o r e D e m e t r i M e n d e l e v e ? • W h a t d i d h e d o t o i m p r o v e i t ? • H a s i t c h a n g e d s i n c e M e n d e l e v e ?

  5. C h e m i c a l S y m b o l s A p e r i o d i c t a b l e i s a l w a y s a v a i l a b l e t o y o u . T o b e s u c c e s s f u l i n c h e m i s t r y , y o u M u s t k n o w h o w t o r e a d t h e i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e t a b l e .

  6. C h e m i c a l s y m b o l A t o m i c n u m b e r M a s s n u m b e r P r o t o n s i n a t o m E l e c t r o n s i n a t o m N e u t r o n s i n a t o m M e t a l / N o n m e t a l C h e m i c a l a c t i v i t y O x i d a t i o n n u m b e r E n e r g y l e v e l s E l e c t r o n c o n f i g u r a t i o n C h e m i c a l F a m i l i e s N a t u r a l / M a n m a d e P h y s i c a l s t a t e a t r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e I n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e P e r i o d i c T a b l e

  7. M e t a l s i n c r e a s e N o n m e t a l s i n c r e a s e N o b l e g a s e s d o n o t r e a c t C h e m i c a l A c t i v i t y

  8. +1 0 +2 +3 4 -3 -2 -1 M o s t a r e +1 o r +2 O x i d a t i o n N u m b e r

  9. s p 1 He 2 3 d 3 4 5 6 7 4 f E n e r g y l e v e l s a n d s u b l e v e l s

  10. A l k a l i M e t a l s • 1 e l e c t r o n i n t h e i r o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l . • R e a c t w i t h w a t e r t o f o r m a b a s e . • T h e m o s t r e a c t i v e o f a l l m e t a l s .

  11. A l k a l i n e E a r t h M e t a l s • 2 e l e c t r o n s i n t h e i r o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l .

  12. T r a n s i t i o n M e t a l s • 2 e l e c t r o n s i n o u t e r l e v e l . • M o r e t h a n o n e o x i d a t i o n n u m b e r . • C o m b i n e w i t h o x y g e n t o f o r m o x i d e s . • F o r m c o m p o u n d s t h a t a r e b r i g h t l y c o l o r e d .

  13. R a r e - E a r t h E l e m e n t s • 2 e l e c t r o n s i n o u t e r l e v e l . • P r i m a r y o x i d a t i o n n u m b e r + 3 . • L a n t h a n o i d S e r i e s - elements #57-71 • S o f t , m a l l e a b l e m e t a l s w i t h a h i g h l u s t e r a n d c o n d u c t i v i t y . • A c t i n o i d S e r i e s - elements #89-103 • A l l t h e s e m e t a l s a r e r a d i o a c t i v e .

  14. B o r o n F a m i l y • 3 e l e c t r o n s i n t h e i r o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l . • A l u m i n u m i s t h e m o s t a b u n d a n t m e t a l a n d t h e t h i r d m o s t a b u n d a n t e l e m e n t i n t h e E a r t h ’ s c r u s t .

  15. C a r b o n F a m i l y • 4 e l e c t r o n s i n t h e i r o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l . • S i l i c o n i s t h e s e c o n d m o s t a b u n d a n t e l e m e n t i n t h e E a r t h ’ s c r u s t .

  16. N i t r o g e n F a m i l y • 5 e l e c t r o n s i n t h e i r o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l . • N i t r o g e n i s t h e m o s t a b u n d a n t e l e m e n t i n t h e E a r t h ’ s a t m o s p h e r e .

  17. O x y g e n F a m i l y • 6 e l e c t r o n s i n t h e i r o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l . • O x y g e n i s t h e m o s t a b u n d a n t e l e m e n t i n t h e E a r t h ’ s c r u s t . • O x y g e n s u p p o r t s c o m b u s t i o n .

  18. H a l o g e n F a m i l y • 7 e l e c t r o n s i n t h e i r o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l . • H a l o g e n s e a s i l y c o m b i n e w i t h m e t a l s t o f o r m S a l t s . • M o s t r e a c t i v e o f a l l n o n m e t a l s .

  19. N o b l e G a s e s • 8 e l e c t r o n s i n o u t e r l e v e l . • T h e i r e l e c t r o n a r r a n g e m e n t m a k e s t h e m v e r y i n a c t i v e , ” i n e r t ” . • A l l a r e c o l o r l e s s g a s e s . • A r g o n i s t h e m o s t a b u n d a n t , m a k i n g u p 1 % o f t h e a t m o s p h e r e .

  20. E l e c t r o n A r r a n g e m e n t I n A t o m s

  21. T h e O c t e t R u l e T h e m a x i m u m n u m b e r o f e l e c t r o n s i n t h e o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l o f a n a t o m i s 8 .

  22. T h e O c t e t R u l e A t o m s f o r m c o m p o u n d s t o r e a c h e i g h t e l e c t r o n s i n t h e i r o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l .

  23. T h e O c t e t R u l e W h y d o n ' t t h e n o b l e g a s e s f o r m c o m p o u n d s ?

  24. T h e O c t e t R u l e A t o m s w i t h l e s s t h a n 4 e l e c t r o n s i n t h e i r o u t e r l e v e l t e n d t o l o s e e l e c t r o n s t o f o r m c o m p o u n d s .

  25. T h e O c t e t R u l e A t o m s w i t h m o r e t h a n 4 e l e c t r o n s i n t h e i r o u t e r l e v e l t e n d t o g a i n e l e c t r o n s t o f o r m c o m p o u n d s .

  26. 4 Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s a r e u s e d t o d e s c r i b e t h e e l e c t r o n s i n a t o m s .

  27. 4 Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s T h e P a u l i E x c l u s i o n P r i n c i p l e N o t w o e l e c t r o n s i n a n a t o m h a v e t h e s a m e s e t o f 4 q u a n t u m n u m b e r s .

  28. 4 Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s T h e P r i n c i p a l Q u a n t u m N u m b e r n- E n e r g y L e v e l 1 t o 7

  29. 4 Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s T h e S e c o n d Q u a n t u m N u m b e r l-E n e r g y S u b l e v e l s p d f

  30. 4 Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s T h e T h i r d Q u a n t u m N u m b e r m - O r b i t a ls = 1 p = 3 d = 5 f = 7

  31. 4 Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s T h e F o u r t h Q u a n t u m N u m b e r s - E l e c t r o n S p i n - C l o c k w i s e - C o u n t e r c l o c k w i se

  32. E l e c t r o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n A w a y t o i n d i c a t e t h e l o c a t i o n o f e v e r y e l e c t r o n i n a n a t o m .

  33. E l e c t r o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 • T h e n u m b e r a n d s m a l l - c a s e l e t t e r r e p r e s e n t t h e e l e c t r o n e n e r g y l e v e l a n d s u b l e v e l . • T h e e x p o n e n t r e p r e s e n t s t h e n u m b e r o f e l e c t r o n s i n t h a t s u b l e v e l .

  34. E l e c t r o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 • T h e t o t a l o f a l l e x p o n e n t s s h o u l d e q u a l t h e a t o m i c n u m b e r o f t h e a t o m , i n t h i s c a s e 1 0 .

  35. E l e c t r o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 • L o o k a t t h e l a s t p a r t o f t h e e l e c t r o n c o n f i g u r a t i o n , 2 s 6 , t h i s s q u a r e o n t h e p e r i o d i c t a b l e s h o u l d b e t h e e l e m e n t r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e e l e c t r o n c o n f i g u r a t i o n .

  36. E l e c t r o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n • 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 4 s 2 • I d e n t i f y t h i s e l e m e n t

  37. E l e c t r o n C o n f i g u r a t i o n 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 4 s 2 • T h e r e a r e 2 0 e l e c t r o n s . • T h e l a s t s q u a r e i s 4 s2

  38. E n d P e r i o d i c T a b l e

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