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Blast Effects for Non-engineers

Blast Effects for Non-engineers. Engineering and Infrastructure Systems DYCOR USA, Inc. BLAST EFFECTS. Purpose of Blast Analysis. Why do blast analyses? Answer: Provides solution options for senior managers – Solutions in plain language Steps needed to develop a blast analysis

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Blast Effects for Non-engineers

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  1. Blast Effects for Non-engineers Engineering and Infrastructure Systems DYCOR USA, Inc.

  2. BLAST EFFECTS

  3. Purpose of Blast Analysis • Why do blast analyses? • Answer: Provides solution options for senior managers – Solutions in plain language • Steps needed to develop a blast analysis • Model the structure or potential target • Determine size and location of threat • Analysis can be modified once structure’s characteristics are modeled • Protective features can be added • Potentially lowering vulnerabilities • Cost - benefit analysis

  4. 2 Z 808 1+ 45 Po / Pa= 2 2 2 Z Z Z 1+ 1+ 1+ 45 0.32 45 r ò 1/2 1 1 ta = po k+1 ax 2kPa rc FUNDAMENTALS

  5. FUNDAMENTALS Density of ANFO  53 lb/cuft 27 cu ft = 1431 lb ANFO 1431 x 0.8 1100 lb TNT 3ft 3ft 3ft Cost to terrorist 1431 lb x $0.75/lb $1073.00

  6. Sample Terrorist Bomb Threats WORLD TRADE CENTER 1993 TYPICAL LETTER BOMBS BEIRUT (241) PIPE BOMBS KHOBAR TOWERS (19) OPM/SANG (5)) OK CITY (168) PAN AM 103 (274) ATLANTA (1) 1 25 250 1,000 5,000 40,000 0 LBS TNT EXPLOSIVE SIZE VERY SMALL SMALL MEDIUMLARGEVERYLARGEEXTRALARGE BRIEFCASE PIPE BOMB BOX HAVERSACK HIDDEN LETTER PIPE BOMB HIDDEN LARGE BOX CAR PICKUP VAN CAR VAN PICKUP VAN TRUCK METHOD OF IMPLACEMENT LARGE TRUCK SEMI TRUCK RANGE OFTERRORISTTARGETS

  7. Illustration of Standoff vs. Effect Khobar Towers Murrah Federal Building YIELD (TNT Equiv.) 20,000 lb. YIELD (TNT Equiv.) 4000 lb. PRESSURE 800 psi. PRESSURE 9600 psi. STANDOFF 80 feet STANDOFF 15 feet

  8. GLASS BREAKAGE STRUCTURAL DAMAGE MAJOR STRUCTURAL DAMAGE 10 BUILDIGNS COLLAPSED 25 BUILDINGS SERIOUSLY DAMAGED 312 BUILINGS RECEIVED “FACIAL” DAMAGE Glass Hazards > 80% of Casualties

  9. Computer Analysis – Structural Response

  10. Computer Analysis - Structural Response

  11. Conclusions • Risks vary relative to the size of explosive threat and location relative to the target • Most injuries in a blast incident are caused by flying glass and debris • Explosions usually do not occur as portrayed in movies or on TV • Stand off distance is the single best defense against the affects of a blast

  12. Terrorists’ Mindset Hamas doctrine … “When you are hungry, it is foolish to hunt a tiger... when there are plenty of sheep to be had.” Bader-Meinhof … Sun Tzu “When we have a free path, we go forward. If we meet an obstacle, we go around it. If the object cannot be overcome, we retreat. When the enemy is unprepared, we surprise him.If he is alert, we leave him alone.”

  13. Contact Data Dycor USA, Inc. Corporate Headquarters 401-A Cooley Mill Road Havre de Grace, MD  21078-1319 Phone: 410-734-9414 Fax:     410-734-0334 Email:sales@dycorusa.com

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