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Understanding Control Structures in C++ Programming for Budget Management

In this week’s session of EMT 101 at the School of Aerospace Engineering, we explore the fundamentals of C++ programming with an emphasis on control structures that facilitate decision-making within programs. From using flow charts to analyze personal budgets, we look at practical applications such as determining necessary expenses in campus living and evaluating options based on user input. Learn to implement nested branches and multiple-choice scenarios to create effective budgeting programs for students at Universiti Sains Malaysia.

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Understanding Control Structures in C++ Programming for Budget Management

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  1. Week 3 EMT 101 – Engineering Programming Dr. Farzad Ismail School of Aerospace Engineering UniversitiSains Malaysia NibongTebal 14300 Pulau Pinang

  2. Overview • We have learned the basics of programming. • Understand C++ library, data type, basic memory allocation, etc. • Use of Main program • Now need to understand control structures for decision making procedures in the program

  3. Case Study 1 • How much money you need to survive in Desasiswa ? • Where to start? • Use of Flow Chart

  4. Decision Making Within a Program • Consider a student’s budget control living in USM • If(income>= expenses) { cout << “OK” << endl; } else { cout << “Please reduce your expenses!” << endl; }

  5. Math Example int main() { double r; ….. if(r>= 0) { double root = sqrt(r); } …… return 0; }

  6. To use ‘=’ or ‘==’ • Recall that ‘x=y’ means you are assigning the value y into x • If(income == expenses) { cout << “OK” << endl; } else { cout << “Please reduce your expenses!” << endl; }

  7. Multiple Choices • Consider a program that asks a user to specify a coin and its quantities: • 1 sen, 5 sen, 10 sen, 20 sen, 50 sen • The computer program is supposed to determine the total RM value of the coins

  8. Coins Program #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <conio.h> using namespace std; int main() { int N; double value=0; string coin_type; cout << "enter coin type: " << endl; getline(cin,coin_type); cout << "Enter the number of coins: " << endl; cin >> N; if(coin_type == "1 sen") value = N*0.01; else if (coin_type == "5 sen") value = N*0.05; else if (coin_type == "10 sen") value = N*0.10; else if (coin_type == "20 sen") value = N*0.20; else if (coin_type == "50 sen") value = N*0.5; else cout << coin_type << " is not a valid coin" << endl; cout << "Coins value is RM " << value << endl; getch(); return 0; } // end of program body

  9. Nested Branches • Deployed as a way to perform more complex decision making procedure • Example USM students performance • Need to select if student is from (1) Matriculation OR (2) STPM • Define performance criteria as A=4.0, B=3.0, C=2.0, else fail

  10. Exercises • Write a program i) to input the origin of the students (STPM/Matriculation) ii) and to determine the GPA of the students based on their grades. • Write a program to i) Enter your total monthly income ii) Enter your type of expenses and cost for a month iii) Determine whether you can survive in Desasiswa

  11. Homework 1 • Refer to assignment section in website

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