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Matter

Matter. Matter : Anything that takes up space and has mass. Five states of matter Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Characteristics – definite shape and volume Crystalline – particles are arranged in repeating geometric patterns. Ex: MINERALS

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Matter

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  1. Matter

  2. Matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass. • Five states of matter • Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC)

  3. Characteristics – definite shape and volume • Crystalline – particles are arranged in repeating geometric patterns. • Ex: MINERALS • Amorphous – free moving solid that will tend to lose its shape over time. • Ex: GLASS

  4. Characteristics – definite volume but takes the shape of a container. Viscous or Viscosity – thick or slow moving liquid. Ex: OIL or SYRUPS

  5. Characteristics – No definite shape or volume. Can be compressed. Heat affects the shape.

  6. Stars and Sun Lightning Welding machines High Temperature

  7. Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) • Very cold temperatures (near -273 degrees C) • Groups of atoms behave as if one atom • Produced in the lab in 1995 • Behaved as Einstein predicted

  8. All particles of matter are in constant motion Matter expands when it gets hotter and contracts when it gets cooler. Absolute Zero – Matter ceases to Move… but not found on Earth.

  9. Thermal Expansion • When heat is added to a substance, the particles expand or speed up. • When heat is taken away, the particles contract or slow down.

  10. Phase Change • Is the reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

  11. Melting Freezing

  12. Condensation Vaporization

  13. Sublimation Deposition

  14. Freezing Point – Liquid to Solid Temperature a liquid changes to a solid Freezing point of water – 0°C Boiling Point – Liquid to Gas Temperature a liquid changes to a gas Boiling Point of water – 100°C

  15. Heat of Fusion --amount of heat/energy needed to change a solid to a liquid Heat of Vaporization-- amount of heat/energy needed to change a liquid to a gas

  16. Ice – solid form Melting – temperature remains the same (phase change) Water – liquid form Boiling – temperature remains the same (phase change) Steam – Gas form When a phase change occurs temperature remains the same.

  17. Endothermic verse Exothermic

  18. Pressure - a force applied to a given area. Formula for Pressure Pressure = Force (N) Area (l • w) Unit of Pressure - Pascal

  19. The greater the “space” or volume = lower pressure. (higher altitudes have a lower pressure) As you descend, pressure gets greater.

  20. Boyle’s Law • P1V1 = P2V2 P=Pressure V=Volume As pressure increases, volume decreases As pressure decrease, volume increases

  21. Gas Law • Charles’ Law • T1V2= T2 V1 T=Temperature V=Volume As temperature increases, volume increase As temperature decreases, volume decreases

  22. Buoyant Forces Upward force on an object. Archimedes’ Principle --The amount of liquid displaced by an object is equal to the weight of the object.

  23. Deals with: Air Pressure The shape of the wing causes air to move more quickly over the top creating a low pressure. Fast Moving Air = Low Pressure Wing diagram = low pressure on top and high pressure on bottom

  24. Lift – upward force Drag – friction Gravity – downward force (Weight) Thrust – forward force

  25. Deals with: Hydraulics Fluid Pressure (liquids) – using the concept that liquids CAN’T be compressed.

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