1. Innate behaviours Territory, society, competition and co-operation

2. “Social Interaction” • Involves 2 or more individuals • Eg. Competition, aggression, co-operation, courtship

3. Behaviours identify • Different species behave in slightly different ways. This allows members of one species to identify members of their own species. • Example: table 11.4 pg 353. Two species of ravens behave slightly differently. This is especially important for successful mating and reproduction.

4. Group organisation • Groups may be formed for a variety of reasons • Dolphins form groups to herd fish • Jays (bird type) group to care for young • A couple come together to mate • For protection • For shelter

5. Caste systems • Caste systems are found in bees, wasps, ants. • Caste is like the class of the individual. Where it fits in with others, and its role.

6. Social hierarchies • Pecking order • Dominance • Animals learn their place by challenging members of the group. If they lose, they will not challenge that member again • Stronger animals more likely to have offspring, which means offspring are generally also strong.

7. Dominance behaviour http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=43811&title=Lowland_gorilla_display_of_dominance&ref=Campme86

8. Leadership • Baboons • One or two dominant males • Many subordinate males • Many females and young • Dominant males protect – group members safer than solitary animals • Dominant males get first priority mating partners • When moving, strong males lead, followed by the dominant male, females and young. Young males are last.

9. Territoriality • Select and guard a territory • From competitors for resources • From predators • Eg. Magpies swooping

10. Competition • For resources • Eg. Birds compete for nest space • Seagulls squabble over food morsel • Crickets fight over mating partners

11. Co-operation • Helping each other • Pack animals hunt together • Meerkats look out for danger

12. Innate behaviours can change • May not be fully developed at birth • May not be needed at all ages • Innate behaviour can be built upon by learned behaviour – eg. The walking motion in babies is further built upon by learning to balance

13. Laughing gull chick • Chicks peck at parent’s red beak in order to trigger regurgitation • Day 1: 1/3 of pecks are accurate • Day 2: ½ accurate • Day 3: more than ¾ accurate • May learn quicker from siblings

14. Activities Glossary: behaviour, innate, learned, rhythmic behaviour, communication, pheromones, caste, hierarchy, competition, aggression, co-operation. Quick Check questions pg 357 Chapter review pg 369 question 2, 5, 9