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AMMONIA CHEMISTRY FREE NICOTINE

2. DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE. WHEN USED AS INTENDED KILLSFRANK STATEMENT-1954WE ACCEPT AN INTEREST IN PEOPLE'S HEALTH AS A BASIC RESPONSIBILITY, APARMOUNT TO EVERY OTHER CONSIDERATION IN OUR BUSINESWE BELIEVE THE PRODUCTS WE MAKE ARE NOT INJURIOUS TO HEALTH,WE ALWAYS HAVE AND ALWAYS WILL COOPERA

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AMMONIA CHEMISTRY FREE NICOTINE

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    1. AMMONIA CHEMISTRY & FREE NICOTINE J.S. WIGAND, Ph.D., MAT SMOKE-FREE KIDS

    2. 2 DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE WHEN USED AS INTENDED KILLS FRANK STATEMENT-1954 “WE ACCEPT AN INTEREST IN PEOPLE’S HEALTH AS A BASIC RESPONSIBILITY, APARMOUNT TO EVERY OTHER CONSIDERATION IN OUR BUSINES WE BELIEVE THE PRODUCTS WE MAKE ARE NOT INJURIOUS TO HEALTH, WE ALWAYS HAVE AND ALWAYS WILL COOPERATE WITH THOSE TASK IT IS TO SAFEGUARD THE PUBLIC HEALTH”

    3. 3 CIGARETTE DESIGN USA BLENDED BRANDS BLEND CONFIGURATION BURLEY/AIR CURED FLUE/FIRE CURED/VIRGINIA (F/C) ORIENTAL ADD-ONS EXPANDED TOBACCO (ET) RECLAIM/SHORTS STEMS WATER TREATED STEMS ( WTS) SHREDDED DRY STEMS (SDS) RECON PAPER BAND CAST

    4. 4 TYPICAL BLENDED CIGARETTE BURLEY/FLUE CURED (45/55) 45-50 % F/C SKEWED BLEND ORIENTAL 5 RECON 25-30 BAND CAST 15-20% PAPER 10-15% /w & /s DAP ET 5-10 SHORTS < 5 STEMS < 5

    5. 5 OTHER TYPES OF TOBACCO DARK AIR CURED MARYLAND FIRE CURED SUN CURED Y-1 CIGAR TYPES FILLER BINDER WRAPPER

    6. 6 TOBACCO ALKALOIDS CONCENTRATION BASED ON: STALK POSITION METHOD OF SUCKERING MANUAL v. CHEMICAL TOPPING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 450 N AND 300 N SEPARATE BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY NITROGEN DEPENDENT EXIST AS THE MALIC OR CITRATE SALTS/PROTONATED PRINCIPLE TOBACCO ALKALOIDS NICOTINE 95% NORNICOTINE 3-5% MYSOMINE <1% ANATABINE <1% ANASABINE <1%

    7. 7 CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT OF TOBACCO-FIELD TO CIGARETTE MALEIC HYDRAZINE (MH-30/40/50) ABSCISIC ACID KABAT ETHYLENE UREAS WEED CONTROL HERBICIDES ANILINES THIOCARBAMATES (ETU) AMIDES QUINOLINES

    8. 8 TOBACCO CHARACTERISTICS BLENDED BRANDS BURLEY/AIR CURED GROWN IN KY, IN,OH, MO, WV BROWN TO REDDISH IN COLOR NICOTINE CONTENT 0-4.5% w/w LOW SUGAR CONTENT HIGH NITRATE CONTENT K-14 BEST KNOWN BUT THERE ARE 20+ CULTIVARS FLUE CURED/VIRGINIA/BRIGHT LEAF GROWN IN VA, NC, SC YELLOW-REDDISH-ORANGE IN COLOR NICOTINE CONTENT 2-7 % w/w HIGH IN REDUCING SUGARS

    9. 9 TOBACCO CHARACTERISTICS BLENDED BRANDS ORIENTAL/TURKISH LOW SUGARS NOMINAL NICOTINE CONCENTRATION HIGH IN AROMATIC COMPOUNDS ISOVALERIC ACID VOLATILE ACIDS RECON PAPER (SCHWEITZER PROCESS) TOBACCO PULPED HOT WATER EXTRACTED (MOTHER LIQUOR) EXTRACT TREATED OFF LINE WITH ADDITIVES REACTED EXTRACT REAPPLIED TO PAPER CUT INTO IRREGULAR STRIPS

    10. 10 BLEND CHARACTERISTICS RECON BAND CAST TOBACCO SOURCE PULPED WITH ADDITIVES POURED OUT INTO A “DOCTOR BLADE” SPREAD ON A MOVING S/S CONVEYOR BELT HEAT DRIED IN STAGES CUT INTO IRREGULAR PIECES EXPANDED TOBACCO (ET) DRY ICE (CARBON DIOXIDE) EXPANDED TOBACCO (DIET) AMMONIUM CARBONATE EXPANDED TOBACCO (ACET) STEMS LAMINA

    11. 11 BLEND CHARACTERISTICS STEMS (GLT) WATER TREATED STEMS (WTS) SHREDDED DRY STEMS (SDS) RECLAIM FIELD RETURNS MOISTURE < 11% SHORTS WINNOWERS

    12. 12 RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO RECON SOURCES OF RAW MATERIAL OFFAL(GLT/PRIMARY) SHORTS STEMS RECLAIM UNIQUE TOBACCO CULTIVARS

    13. 13 AMMONIA BASED ADDITIVES ACID-BASE pH CHEMISTRY DIAMMONIUM PHOSPAHTE (DAP) (NH4 )2 HPO4 UREA (NH3)2CO AMMONIUM (X) (NH4) X SODIUM CARBONATE Na2CO3 Na2CO3 + HEAT = Na2O Na2O + H2O = NaOH NH3 (GAS)

    14. 14 DIAMMONIUM PHOSPHATE DAP CAS # 7783-28-0 CHEMICAL NAMES AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC DIAMMONIUM HYDROGEN PHOSPHATE SECONDARY AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE PRODUCT USES FLAME RETARDANT CORROSION INHIBITOR pH ADJUSTMENT IN TOBACCO PRODUCTS HEALTH EFFECTS OSHA CLASSIFIED AS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IRRITANT EYE SKIN 1% AQUEOUS SOLUTION pH = 8

    15. 15 DAP TOBACCO THERMAL CHEMISTRY DAP IN THE PRESENCE OF H2O 3100 F TOBACCO PRYROLYSIS CONDITIONS MOISTURE CONTENT 14.5% STATIC BURN RATE TEMPERATURE 3500 C ACTIVE COMBUSTION TEMPERATURE 650-9000C THERMAL CHEMICAL RX (NH4)2 HPO4 + HEAT = (PO)X + (N0)X + NH3 (GAS)

    16. 16 WHY AMMONIA CHEMISTRY ? ACID-BASE REACTIONS BLEND NICOTINE RELEASE ESTABLISH EQUILIBRIUM OF BLEND ALKALOIDS NICOTINE MIGRATION/SCAVENGING NICOTINE SALTS DE-PROTONATED TO FREE BASE SMOKE pH MANIPULATION FREE NICOTINE THREE IONIC STATES DEPENDANT ON pH TWO DISTINCT pKa DIPROTONATED (CITRIC/MALIC) MONO-PROTONATED FREE BASE

    17. 17 FREE NICOTINE CHARACTERISTICS GASEOUS STATE OF MATTER INCREASED MAGNITUDE AND RATE UPTAKE INCREASED DEPOSITION EFFICIENCY NOT DETECTED BY FTC METHOD FASTER TO THE BRAIN FASTER ADDICTION VIA FREE BASE

    18. 18 MEASUREMENT TAR & NICOTINE

    19. 19 NICOTINE MANIPULATION FREE NICOTINE AND pH

    20. 20 NITROSAMINE FORMATION CHEMICAL REACTIONS POST HAVESTING SENESCENCE CHEMICAL AGING ETHYLENE TX NATURAL/PROPANE GAS HEAT FIRE CURED NITRATE FROM FERTILIZERS NH4 NO2 = NO2- NO2 + NICOTINE = TSNA

    21. 21 TOBACCO SPECIFIC NITROSAMINES NITROSOLATION OF TOBACCO ALKALOIDS ONLY FOUND IN TOBACCO CHEWING TOBACCO SMOKING TOBACCO SNUFF NNN NICOTINE/NORNICOTINE NNK NICOTINE NNA NICOTINE NAB ANASABINE NAT ANATABINE NNAL NNK iso-NNAL NNA iso-NNAC NNA

    22. 22 GLOSSARY of TERMS RECON-RECONSTITUTED TOBACCO SHEET GLT-GREEN LEAF TRASHING PLANT ET- EXPANDED TOBACCO SHORTS-SMALL TOBACCO PARTICLES DUE TO HIGH SPEED CONVEYOR BELT MOVEMENT RECLAIM- OUTDATED PRODUCT RETURNS FROM CONSUMER OUTLETS OFFAL- TOBACCO DUST FROM MANUFACTURING PLANT TSNA-TOBACCO SPECIFIC NITROSAMINES (POTENT TOBACCO CARCINOGEN)

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