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The Holocaust

Discover the historical context, key events, and atrocities committed during the Holocaust, including the systematic murder of 6 million Jews. Learn about the Nuremberg Laws, ghettos, concentration camps, and Nazi medical experimentation.

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The Holocaust

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  1. The Holocaust

  2. Question 1 What is “genocide”? What was “the Holocaust?”

  3. Answer 1 Genocide: systematic killing of an entire people. Holocaust: Systematic mass killing of Jews and other groups considered inferior by Nazis

  4. Question 2 When speaking about the Holocaust what time period are we referring to?

  5. Answer 2 1933 Hitler chancellor to 1945 V-E Day (“Victory in Europe” - end of war)

  6. Question 3 How many Jews were murdered by the Nazis during the Holocaust?

  7. Answer 3 Roughly 6 million

  8. Jews murdered in each country / percentage of the pre-war Jewish population: According to the chart, in how many countries were Jews murdered during the Holocaust? _______ From which country were the most Jews killed? ______________ How many? _________ What percentage of its Jewish population was that? ___________

  9. Question 4 Define: • Aryans • Anti-Semitism

  10. Answer 4 • Aryan: Germanic peoples / non-Jewish Caucasians • Nazis implemented master race (Aryan) policy everywhere Nazis conquered • Anti-Semitism: prejudice against or hostility towards Jews, often rooted in hatred of their ethnic background

  11. Anti-Semitism • Prejudice/hatred of Jews, discrimination, myths, scapegoating • blamed for killing Jesus • Rumored to poison water wells, worship Satan • “non-believers”, outsiders, different • Many resented the financial success of the Jews, especially after Great Depression

  12. 5. SS – Hitler’s mobile killing squads

  13. Question 6 What were the first measures taken by the Nazis against the Jews?

  14. Answer 6 Boycotting of businesses, barred from civil service and law, kept out schools “quotas” (not counted as a student)

  15. Nazis force three Jewish businessmen to march down a main commercial streets in central Leipzig, carrying signs that read: "Don't buy from Jews; Shop in German businesses!"

  16. Question 7 What were the Nuremburg Laws? Deprived Jews of citizenship and prohibited marriage between Jews and other Germans.

  17. The laws classified people as German if all four of their grandparents were of "German or kindred blood", while people were classified as Jews if they descended from three or four Jewish grandparents. A person with one or two Jewish grandparents was a Mischling, a crossbreed, of "mixed blood".

  18. What was Hitler’s background?..... Adolf Hitler was not Jewish. There are some rumors hinting that Hitler's grandfather was Jewish. Few, if any, of the reputable historians on the Holocaust believe that this is so. It is more likely that Hitler tried to keep the murky history of his family secret because there was a high incidence of insanity and feeble-mindedness in his ancestors. Hitler's father was registered as an illegitimate child with no father. Hitler’s grandmother worked in the home of a wealthy Jew and there is some chance a son in that household got her pregnant, but there is no proof.

  19. Question 8 : What happened on Kristallnacht? (“Night of Broken Glass”) November 9-10, 1938

  20. Nazi attack on Jewish people & their property. 91 murdered, 25-30 thousand sent to concentration camps

  21. Jews arrested during Kristallnacht line up for roll call at the Buchenwald concentration camp. November 1938. Lorenz C. Schmuhl Papers, USHMM Archives

  22. Question 9: What are Ghettos? • Neighborhoods in which European Jews were forced to live. • 1939 Jews are gathered into Ghettos where they could be easily gathered and sent to camps • Jews were forced to wear the Star of David on their arms. • Everybody had to carry around identification of who they were.

  23. Question 10: What Were Concentration Camps? • Germany set them up early in the 1930s (before World War II ever started) • Jews were told they were going to labor camps or resettlement farms • After war started – camps supplied labor to factories • Many died from exhaustion, beaten

  24. A lot of medical experimentation took place in the camps… torture

  25. Nazi Medical Experimentation • High Altitude • Freezing • Intentional infections of diseases / wounds to test treatment options • Twins (tested to see what would happen to one if something done to another. • Bone, muscle and joint transplantation • Poison tests (to see what was most effective for the gas chambers) • Sterilization (most men castrated or testies burned by radiation – the goal so that the “undesirables” / Jews could not reproduce) • Artificial insemination of women at Auschwitz (experiments to find ways to increase the Aryan / German race. Dr. Carl Clauberg would often taunt the victims, telling them that he had put animal sperm in them and they were growing monsters)

  26. High Altitude Experimentation The purpose of this experiment was to test the limits of human endurance and existence at high altitudes with and without oxygen. The experiment was designed to duplicate the conditions that a German pilot might encounter in combat. This experiment was extremely dangerous and many people died due to the extreme changes in pressure.

  27. Concentration Camps: Auschwitz, Chelmo, Belzec, Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka All railroads throughout Europe lead to Auschwitz

  28. Eventually, some labor camps turned into death camps • Installed gas chambers • 10,000 people killed every day • Herded, stripped, inspected, sorted, shaved, poisoned, burned…

  29. Question 11 Other than Jews, which other groups in Germany were sent to the concentration camps and considered enemies of the state?

  30. Answer 11 Mentally and physically ill, Gypsies, Polish intelligentsia (educated), resistance fighters, opponents of Nazism, homosexuals, criminals, beggars, vagrants… (appx. 5 million of these non-Jewish people also killed)

  31. Question 12 What does the term “Final Solution” mean, and when did it begin?

  32. Answer 12 Hitler’s “Final Solution to the Jewish problem” - 1941 – problem = the existence of the Jews (they must all be eliminated / killed)

  33. Question 13 Why were the Jews singled out for extermination?

  34. Answer 13 Nazi’s distorted world view, prejudice, hatred, saw Jewish race as trying to take over the world, propaganda showing Jews as an obstruction to Aryan (Germanic) dominance, “duty” to eliminate the Jews, scapegoating (false blame) for all problems etc.

  35. Magazine that was published in Germany in 1941-1942 shows a Jewish cartoon character consuming a Russian, American, and English characterization. Attempted to demonstrate that the increased hostilities occurring in Europe was due to the Jews who were essentially responsible for controlling allied policies. Nazi propaganda was designed to intimate that the Jews were responsible for WWII as well as the woes of the world that plagued humanity during this most difficult of times.

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