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Innovation and Social Inclusion

Innovation and Social Inclusion. Internationally there are new approaches to social inclusion which are paralleling new approaches in innovation theory more broadly

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Innovation and Social Inclusion

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    3. Traditional Approaches to Social Inclusion Cultural and skills change ( hard to effect at population level) Legislation ( usually a stick more than a carrot) Political activism ( works for some) Service delivery through programs (endless pilots and often low resourcing) Secondary redistribution ( eg tax/transfer system)

    4. Organising social inclusion Group ( eg disability, indigenous etc) Population cohort ( eg youth, the elderly etc) Issue ( eg mental health; homelessness) Enabler/disabler ( eg transport; skills) Place ( eg poverty postcodes; ) Causation ( eg pathological; structural) Traditionally seen as a ‘welfare’ issue but increasingly understood as a broader civic and economic issue

    5. Structural Cracks Separation of economy from society ( and the environment) Planning failures ( land use and urban planning in particular) Over reliance on market ‘trickle down’ mechanisms Slow dismantling of the welfare state Fragmented governance Promise of the social sciences unfulfilled

    6. Consequences Old forms of exclusion just won’t go away New forms emerging ( eg digital / water / energy) And being compounded by the persistent ‘failure of market failure’ But much better knowledge about the geography of exclusion and solutions

    7. New Types of Place Exclusion Wealth belt localities ( eg Sandy Bay; Norwood; Rosevears) Gentrifying / population change advantaged localities ( eg Bridport, Port Sorrell) Battling family/ mortgage stress disadvantaged localities ( eg Shoreline; Brighton) Middle class suburbia ( eg Mt Stuart; Riverside) Battler - disadvantaged ( Bridgewater; Ravenswood) Old economy extremely disadvantaged ( Scottsdale; Newnham; Moonah) Peri-urban/bush disadvantaged ( eg Bagdad; Lefroy)

    8. New Geographies of Exclusion Driven by….. Transformation in the division of labour ( eg part time/ knowledge workers) Globalisation of markets and production (eg nomadic capital) Unbundling of value chains ( thinking separated from doing) Demographic change ( eg older, footloose gen x and y) Liveability choices ( eg sea change/tree change)

    9. Social exclusion in Tasmania – some statistics Tasmanian context: ageing and regionally dispersed population High levels of welfare dependency; high rates of deprivation Essential items now cost 94% of welfare entitlement for unemployed families (TT benchmark 1.1.1) 27% of households receiving CRA are in housing stress Lowest levels of adult literacy; low school retention and qualifications Low labour force participation rates High levels of health risk factors and high rates of disability

    10. Disadvantaged suburbs in Tasmania

    11. How do we compare internationally? UNICEF Innocenti report cards For children Latest Report Card 7 in 2007 6 Dimensions – (Australia not rated due to insufficient data) Material well being (poverty, wealth, joblessness) Health and Safety (child mortality, birth weight, immunisation) Education (achievement, participation, aspirations)

    12. How do we compare internationally? 6 Dimensions continued… Relationships (single parent family, step family, strength of family relationships – parents talk, peers ‘kind and helpful’) Behaviours and Risks (smoking, drinking, teenage pregnancies, fighting, bullying, health – eat breakfast, fruit, physical activity, obesity) Subjective well being (Health – self rated, life satisfaction, lonely, feel awkward, like school)

    13. How do we compare nationally? SEIFA 2006, Advantage/Disadvantage CD Level Index

    15. Social Exclusion Risk

    16. Geography of Social Exclusion

    17. Consequences Economic resilience has a postcode Place volatility Constrained adaptability for excluded communities Unable to leverage network or agglomeration synergies This is likely to create new layers of exclusion and new places of exclusion – this is the most important new issue in social inclusion

    18. Structural Solutions Primary need for innovation is around the local governance of complexity with a focus on new forms of primary redistribution of opportunity and wealth. For governments this means a focus on 5 policy platforms: Economic development Infrastructure and technology ( eg high speed broadband) Knowledge Governance Liveability and population settlement

    19. Economic Solutions Economic innovation policy should focus on those potential high value industries that can leverage both competitive advantage and constructed advantage Governments can then forecast future population settlement patterns and plan for associated human and social infrastructure….with a social inclusion objective

    20. Asset Based Strategies Shift from needs to assets and capability – of people, networks and institutions Build reservoir of social capital Orientation to local governance Utilisation of planning instruments Promotion of distributed leadership Expansion of community enterprise to the mainstream Place management of complexity

    21. Community Enterprises Commercial operations Community ownership Primarily social objectives Profits returned into community (multiplier effect)

    22. Theory Stuff Essentially involved reconfiguring the institutional boundaries between the economy, government, society and the earth The reconfiguration is underway through the idea of ‘sustainability’ which is about realignment with the earth Social inclusion is the idea capturing the realignment with society and community

    23. A search for theory Social capital Local governance Regional development ‘New Economics’ and innovation Entrepreneurship and leadership Networks Communitarianism ‘New institutionalism’

    24. Revaluing community as a social agent Communities have value because they can cause things to happen Communities of location/interest make people proud and co-operative. They are places to: make friends = fun and security forge identity = sort out values make sense of things = judge what’s right get access to resources Creativity and imagination = precondition of innovation

    25. Innovation Synergies Governments’ role is to build enabling policy platforms ( constructed advantage) These platforms need to be integrated Governance is central not consequential Networks matter for trust, for knowledge flows for agglomeration opportunities Creativity and population settlement matters ( Richard Florida may have been right after all) Innovation does have a postcode – place has economic and social agency The ‘state’ is active again

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