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The Skeletal System

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The Skeletal System

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    1. The Skeletal System Life Science

    2. What is it? All the bones in your body make up your skeletal system, which has five major functions.

    3. 5 major functions Give shape and support to the body Protect the internal organs Major muscles are attached to bones Blood cells are formed in the marrow Calcium and phosphorus are stored in the skeleton for later use

    4. Bone Structure- Periosteum A tough, tight-fitting membrane that covers the bone�s surface Contains small blood vessels that carry nutrients into the bone Contains cells involved in the growth and repair of bone

    6. Compact Bone The hard, strong layer under the periosteum Gives bone its strength Has a flexible framework containing deposits of calcium phosphate

    8. Spongy Bone Found toward the ends of the long bones Has many small, open spaces that make bones lightweight Filled with marrow, which produces blood cells

    10. Cartilage A rubbery layer of tissue found at the ends of bones, where they form joints. Cartilage acts as a shock absorber and reduces friction between bones when they rub together. People with damaged cartilage feel pain when they move their joints.

    12. Bone formation Starts as cartilage Cartilage is gradually broken down and replaced by bone. Healthy tissue is always being formed and re-formed.

    13. Bone cells Are called osteoblasts They build up bone by depositing calcium and phosphorus, which make bone tissue hard. Osteoclasts break down bone tissue.

    15. Joints Any place where two or more bones come together Bones must be just far enough so they don�t rub against each other How do they stay far enough apart? Ligaments- tough bands of tissues that hold bones in place.

    16. Types of joints Immoveable Pivot Ball-and-socket Hinge Gliding

    17. Immovable joint Allows little or no movement Example: the joints of the bones in your skull

    19. Pivot joint One bone rotates in a ring of another stationary bone Example: turning your head

    21. Ball-and-socket joint The rounded end of one bone fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone Example: hips

    23. Hinge Joint Back and forth movement Example: elbows

    25. Gliding Joint One part of a bone slides over another bone Example: wrists Used the most in the body

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