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Pregnancy: Fertilization to Birth

Learn the process of human fertilization, early signs of pregnancy, effects of epidural, cesarean birth, and the impact of medication during pregnancy. Helpful resources for expecting parents.

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Pregnancy: Fertilization to Birth

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  1. Pregnancy

  2. For pregnancy to occur these conditions must be met • Semen from the male must enter the vagina of the female (sperm may reach the vagina even if the penis does not enter it) • Semen must contain healthy sperm. • Sperm must find conditions in the vagina in which they can live. • Sperm must find their way into the fallopian tubes and must find the egg there ready for fertilization-sperm can live there for 72 hours

  3. Continued 5. The egg, once fertilized, must be able to implant itself in the uterus wall and grow.

  4. Fertilization • Sperm enters a mature egg after ovulation • The protein coating around egg prevents other sperm from entering. • At the moment of fertilization, your baby's genetic make-up is complete, including its sex. • The mother can provide only X chromosomes (she's XX), if a Y sperm fertilizes the egg, your baby will be a boy (XY); if an X sperm fertilizes the egg, your baby will be a girl (XX).

  5. Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm

  6. Signs you might be pregnant • 10. Tender, swollen breasts9. Fatigue8. Implantation bleeding7. Nausea or vomiting6. Increased sensitivity to odors5. Abdominal bloating4. Frequent urination3. A missed period2. Your basal body temperature stays high1. The proof: A positive home pregnancy test

  7. Epidural

  8. Epidural • Numbness from lower abdomen to toes • Leaves mother awake and aware of surroundings

  9. Side Effects-Mother • Dural puncture • low blood pressure • Nausea, vomiting, shivering • Prolonged labor • Uneven, incomplete or nonexistent pain relief • Feelings of emotional detachment

  10. Continued • Convulsions • Toxic drug reactions • Slight to severe headache • Allergic shock • Cardiac arrest • Maternal death

  11. Side Effects-Baby • Direct drug toxicity • Fetal distress, abnormal FHR (can lead to emergency cesarean) • Drowsiness at birth, poor sucking reflex • Poor muscle strength and tone in the first hours • Neonatal jaundice • Decreased maternal-infant bonding, behavioral problems • Hyperactivity up to seven years (suspected)

  12. Pregnancy • Pregnancy term 40 weeks • Three Trimesters • First trimester is very critical-miscarriage

  13. Cesarean • When your baby is born through a Cesarean Section, the baby is delivered through an incision in your abdominal wall and uterus.

  14. You may need a cesarean section • Baby is too big to fit through the birth canal. • Fetal distress may lead you to having a cesarean section. • Umbilical cord becomes distressed • If your baby is in a breech position

  15. Pregnancy and Medication/Drugs cdc.gov/ncbddd/bd/facts.htm Obfocus.com

  16. Resources • www.babycenter.com • Wikipedia • http://www.pregnancy-calendars.net • http://www.childbirth.org/articles • http://www.capanes.com/services_ra_epidural.html • www.pregnancy.org

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