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Conflict in the Middle East

This article explores the historical and religious significance of the Middle East, particularly in relation to Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. It covers the ownership changes, conflicts, and the establishment of Israel, providing insight into the ongoing conflict in the region.

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Conflict in the Middle East

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  1. Conflict in the Middle East

  2. Ground Zero for Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. Judaism: Israel = Biblical “Promised Land” Occupied by Moses and Hebrews around 1000 B.C. Invaded and occupied by Philistines Greeks and Romans call it “Land of Philistines”, which becomes Palestine. Region of Jesus Christ’s birth, ministry, and death. “Ownership” changes hands frequently. Muslims capture in 640 built Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem in 691 Spot where Mohammed stopped on his way to heaven. Holiest site in Islam outside Saudi Arabia. Ottoman Turks control from 1500’s-1900’s. Background

  3. An Islamic Shrine in Jerusalem 691 a.d. • Muslims from Arabia captured Palestine in 640 then built the Dome of the Rock on the site where the Hebrew Temple of Solomon once stood in Jerusalem. • This site is believed to be the site where Muhammad took the golden ladder to heaven.

  4. British Promise to the Jews: Balfour Declaration, 1917 His Majesty’s Government views with favor the establishment in Palestine of anational home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine… Sir Arthur James BalfourBr. Foreign Secretary

  5. The Middle East Between the Wars

  6. Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 • In 1920, there was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine. • By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”

  7. In Germany, 6 million Jews were killed by Nazis and Hitler. -Thousands of Jews moved to Palestine b. After WWII, the UN wanted to divide Palestine into 2 states: 1. A Palestinian state – for Palestinians 2. A Jewish state, called ISRAEL – for Jews - the USA supported this plan! - City of Jerusalem would not be a part of a state, it would be shared! WORLD WAR II & “ISRAEL”

  8. c. Jews were happy…they got approx. 55% of the land of the original Palestine. d. Palestinians were unhappy. The neighboring countries were also unhappy. e. 4 large scale wars fought over these issues…1948,1956, 1967, 1973 WWII & ISRAEL, cont.

  9. Jews were divided over the UN partition plan. Arabs rejected it--they constituted 67% of the population (Jews 33%), and would get about 45% of mandatory Palestine, also not the best parts. Arabs rioted in Jerusalem in 1947 over the plan U. N. Partition Plan of 1947

  10. Israel Becomes a Nation:May 14, 1948 Chaim Weizmann,1st President David Ben-Gurion,1st Prime Minister

  11. UN partitioned Israel, but Arabs refused 14 May 1948: Jews declare Israel an Independent Jewish State Jews “Zionists” claimed that Israel was an independent state and triggered an invasion by Egypt, Syria,, Lebanon and Iraq. 15 May: 5 Arab states invade new nation of Israel 7 Jan 1949: Israeli victory - 700,000 Arab refugees driven from their homes in Palestine War of 1948

  12. “Explain how the following quotes let both sides believe that they have a legitimate claim to the land? • “ON that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, To your descendants I give this land…” Genesis 15:18 • “He (Allah) has chosen you and has placed no hardship on you in practicing your religion- the religion of your father Abraham.” Koran 22:78

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