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Chemicals cycle in ecosystems

Chemicals cycle in ecosystems. Concept 36.3. Basic pattern of chemical cycling. Three general steps Producers incorporate chemicals from the nonliving environment into organic compounds

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Chemicals cycle in ecosystems

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  1. Chemicals cycle in ecosystems Concept 36.3

  2. Basic pattern of chemical cycling • Three general steps • Producers incorporate chemicals from the nonliving environment into organic compounds • Consumers feed on the producers, incorporating some of the chemicals into their own bodies and releasing some back to the environment in waste products • As organisms die, decomposers break them down, further supplying the soil, water and air with chemicals in inorganic form. The producers gain a renewed supply of raw materials for building organic matter and the cycles continue.

  3. Carbon and Oxygen Cycle

  4. The Nitrogen Cycle Form of N that producers can use • Nitrogen fixation • Process that converts the nitrogen gas to ammonia (NH3) • Nitrification • Process that converts ammonium to nitrates Ammonium NH4 Nitrates NO3

  5. Nitrogen Fixation Nitrification

  6. The Water Cycle • Transpiration • Evaporation from the plant’s leaves • Maple tree – could enter 200 liters back into the atmosphere!

  7. Human Activities can alter ecosystems Concept 36.4

  8. Impact on Chemical Cycles

  9. Carbon Cycle Impacts • Deforestation • Clearing of forest for agriculture, lumber and other uses • Adds 20% of CO2 added to atmosphere • 80% is from worldwide burning of fossil fuels

  10. Greenhouse Effect • Process by which atmospheric gases trap heat close to Earth’s surface and prevent it from escaping into space • Global Warming • Overall rise in Earth’s average temperature

  11. Nitrogen Cycle Impacts • Eutrophication • Rapid growth of algae in bodies of water, due to high levels of nitrogen and often phosphate • Acid Rain • Precipitation that carries acid back to Earth’s surface

  12. Water Cycle Impacts • Deforestation • Drawing water from river or aquifers for household use or crop irrigation

  13. Biological Magnification • Process by which pollutants become more concentrated in successive trophic levels of a food web

  14. Ozone Shield • Ozone – O3 • Ozone layer – 17-25 kilometers above Earth • CFC’s – chlorofluorocarbons – banned in the 1980’s

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