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Understanding Cell Membranes: Active and Passive Transport Mechanisms

This chapter explores the essential functions of the cell membrane, often referred to as the gatekeeper of the cell, regulating substances that enter and exit. It distinguishes between two transport mechanisms: passive transport, including diffusion and osmosis, which do not require energy, and active transport, which involves energy expenditure to move materials. Key concepts such as selectively permeable, equilibrium, and various types of transport—like endocytosis and exocytosis—are covered, providing a comprehensive understanding of cellular processes and their implications.

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Understanding Cell Membranes: Active and Passive Transport Mechanisms

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  1. Chapter 7-3 The Cell Membrane; Active & Passive Transport

  2. The Cell Membrane • Gatekeeper • Regulates what comes in and out of the cell • Main components: proteins and phospholipids

  3. Cell Wall • Found only in plant cells and bacteria cells • Main function is support

  4. Solutions • Mixtures of substances • Ex. Salt + water; sugar + water

  5. Diffusion • The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration • Molecules tend to “spread out” • Requires no energy

  6. Equilibrium When molecules are evenly spread throughout a space

  7. Osmosis • The diffusion of water across a membrane • The cell membrane is selectively permeable • Watch the animation Rule for Osmosis If the area outside the cell has more salt – then water will be “pulled” out of the cell - Water diffuses from higher concentration to a lower concentration

  8. U - Tubes

  9. Cells In Different Solutions "ISO" means the same

  10. Hypo = less Cell may burst, or organelles called “contractile vacuoles” remove excess water

  11. Hyper = more Cell will shrink or die, plants wilt Why is it dangerous to drink sea water? Why does pouring salt on a slug kill it?

  12. Passive Transport • Requires no energy • Diffusion & Osmosis • Facilitated Diffusion – carrier proteins “help” molecules across the membrane

  13. 1.  Why is the water moving toward the left side of the beaker?  2.  Which side of the beaker is hypertonic? 3.  What is the solute?  

  14. WORD LIST • Diffusion • Osmosis • Selectively permeable • Equilibrium • Solution • Facilitated Diffusion • Hypertonic • Hypotonic • Isotonic • Contractile Vacuole • Passive Transport Know all of these words for the test

  15. ACTIVE TRANSPORT • Requires the cell to use energy • Proteins or Pumps found in the membrane move materials across

  16. Endocytosis • Taking “in” large molecules by the cell • Phagocytosis = “phood”, taking in food particles • Pinocytosis = liquid substances

  17. EXOCYTOSIS Removing large particles (waste) from the cell Stuff “exits” the cell

  18. Add to Word List • Active Transport • Endocytosis • Phagocytosis • Pinocytosis • Exocytosis • Protein Pump

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