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Ben Franklin published the first chart of an ocean current in 1769

Oceanography. Ben Franklin published the first chart of an ocean current in 1769. Franklin’s chart of the Gulf Stream. Physical Oceanography. Surface currents. Bathymetry. Tides. Deep water currents. Geological Oceanography. Chemical Oceanography. Dissolved Oxygen and other gases

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Ben Franklin published the first chart of an ocean current in 1769

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  1. Oceanography Ben Franklin published the first chart of an ocean current in 1769 Franklin’s chart of the Gulf Stream

  2. Physical Oceanography Surface currents Bathymetry Tides Deep water currents

  3. Geological Oceanography

  4. Chemical Oceanography Dissolved Oxygen and other gases • Fish and other animals need oxygen to breathe. This oxygen is present in the water and is called dissolved oxygen (DO). It is measured in mg/L. • <3 mg/L – harmful to fish – too little O2 • 5-6 mg/L – desirable range • >10 mg/L – harmful to fish – too much O2 Dissolved minerals and other solids Salinity – amount of salt in water, measured in parts per thousand (ppt)

  5. Biological oceanography • Otherwise known as Marine Biology

  6. MeteorologyHurricanes Formation of Hurricanes

  7. www.hurricanehunters.com Photo by: Jill Turner Physics Eye wall of Hurricane Ivan 2004 Hurricane Katrina 2005

  8. oceanographic tools • Properties of water measured: • Parameters, units, significance • Temperature • Salinity • Dissolved oxygen • Turbidity • Light levels • Depth…

  9. these properties vary with depth • Typical open ocean profiles • Called - a hydrocast

  10. Tools to measure these properties - depth • Sounding lines • Problems… (currents) • Pressure sensor • Sonar

  11. Tools to measure these properties - salinity • Direct or indirect measurement • Refractometer • Conductivity sensor

  12. Tools to measure these properties - turbidity • Secchi disk • transmissometer

  13. Tools to measure these properties - dissolved oxygen • Methods – chemical and electrical Winkler Polarigraphic electrode

  14. Tools to measure these properties - light • Photosyntheticallyactive radiation (PAR) sensor • Deck sensor

  15. Water samplers Niskinbottle

  16. Other parameters • Chlorophyll levels - fluorometer

  17. Hydrolab/YSI = brands Monitoringunits

  18. Combined units • moored, deployed, mobile • CTD • Argo ’floats’

  19. CTD hydrocast See our CTD hydrocast

  20. The Quest for Longitude -- 1707 shipwreck of four British warships -- 2000 dead -- LongitudeAct of 1714 -- John Harrison http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/longitude/

  21. Latitude and Longitude

  22. Global Positioning Systems Image from Wikipedia.com

  23. Waypoint = latitude/longitude Used with permission from Garmin

  24. GPS APPLICATIONS Images from seaturtle.org

  25. Gulf of Mexico MEXICO

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