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Ancient China

Chapter 4. Ancient China. Geographical Influences. Mountains, sea, and desert provide some protection and isolation Vulnerable to northwest River valleys Yellow (Huang He) - earliest civilization - damaging floods Yangtze - very important in unification- transportation- irrigation.

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Ancient China

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  1. Chapter 4 Ancient China

  2. Geographical Influences • Mountains, sea, and desert provide some protection and isolation • Vulnerable to northwest • River valleys • Yellow (Huang He)- earliest civilization - damaging floods • Yangtze - very important in unification- transportation- irrigation

  3. Outside China during Shang period (1750BC – 1000BC) • Hammurabi’s code • Mycenaean Civilization In Greece • Vedic period in India • Stonehenge in England • Moses led Israelites out of Egypt • Mayans processed rubber • King Tut • Homer’s Troy fell • Ramses II of Egypt

  4. Earliest Civilizations - most isolated • Earliest- Neolithic- Ban Po- similar to other parts of the world/ one of the oldest • Shang Dynasty 1750-1000 BC (FIRST DYNASTY) in N. China along the Huang He - raised silk worms - silk part fascination of China, famous for bronze sculpture, daggers, jade jewelry paid homage to ancestors- family important • Zhou Dynasty 1000-256 BC – longest dynasty – developed foundations for Chinese society

  5. Dynastic Cycle & Mandate of Heaven • Mandate of Heaven • Divine (heavenly) approval giving the right to rule to the emperor

  6. Zhou Dynasty • Wu Wang – first king of Zhou, gave land grants to lords, relatives, & general • Farming was profitable • Blast furnace used to create iron • Education spread from upper classes to others • Book of Songs – 305 poems • 707-480 BC – lords became too powerful • Civil War followed, ending the Zhou Dynasty

  7. Qin Dynasty • Qin Shin Huangdi– founded dynasty 221BC • authoritarian ruler: • ordered nobles to capital • everyone paid high taxes • strict laws & harsh punishments • burned books • created unity with coins, weights & measures, and roads & canals • Ordered sections of wall to be joined to form a “Great Wall” • Son overthrown – end of dynasty

  8. Han Dynasty • Liu Bang – founded dynasty 202BC • Wudi– greatest leader • built Silk Road for trade with the West • established school for civil servants – need for civil service examination rather than favoritism • improved silk factories; invented paper, stirrups, wheelbarrow; plow with moveable parts • expanded territory from Korea to Vietnam • AD220 – warlords attacked & overthrew emperor

  9. Ancient Philosophies • religions in Ancient China • Confucianism – 5 Relationships • Daoism – Yin & Yang ,balance • Buddhism (from India) • showed concerned with ethical life on earth • Filial Piety – obedience and respect for one’s parents • Legalism– strong law and harsh punishment to maintain order, created by Xunzi

  10. Confucianism • Moral and ethical code highly developed treat everyone with consideration • Value on family head- ancestor respect • Values- loyalty, righteousness, wisdom, sincerity • Five Relationships: one is an example to the other, inferior learns from superior • Ruler - subjects • Father – son • Husband – wife • Older Brother – younger brother • Friend – friend

  11. Daoism (Taoism) and the Laosi • contemporary of Confucius • Dao/Tao= the road way • Absolute=sum of existence • Goal to bring people into harmony • very introspective • not as influential as Confucius

  12. Life and Culture • Sons more important than daughters • Ban Zhao – wrote guide for young women, Admonitions for Girls • agrarian economy – based on farming • scholarscalculated when eclipse would occur • books written on Algebra & Geometry • pi(p) calculated to 6 places (3.141592) • physiciansneeded to pass an examination to practice – patients treated with acupuncture • educationand literacy was mostly for upper class – most important during Zhou dynasty

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