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Mr. Walters Chapter 13

The Rise of Mass Democracy in the Age of Jackson. Mr. Walters Chapter 13. Essential Question:. Champion of the “Common Man”?. “King” Andrew?. OR. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860. Why Increased Democratization?. White male suffrage increased

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Mr. Walters Chapter 13

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  1. The Rise of Mass Democracy in the Age of Jackson Mr. Walters Chapter 13

  2. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King”Andrew? OR

  3. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

  4. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

  5. Why Increased Democratization? • White male suffrage increased • Party nominating committees vs. old appt. system • Spoils system, less corruption and turnover. • Rise of Third Parties - more specific interests • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) • Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: • Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854) • Democrats (1828)

  6. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] John C. Calhoun[SC]

  7. Results of the 1824 Election A “Corrupt Bargain?”

  8. Opposition to John Quincy Adams • Some believed he allowed too much political control to be held by elites. • Some objected to his support of national economic development on constitutional grounds. • Adams believed a strong, active central government was necessary. • A national university. • An astronomical observatory. • A naval academy. • Many Americans saw Adams’ vision of a might nation led by a strong president as a threat to individual liberties.

  9. Tariff Battles • Tariff of 1816  on imports of cheap textiles. • Tariff of 1824  on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports. • Tariff of 1828  higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp]. • Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY. • The South alone was adamantly against it. • As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff. • They were negatively impacted  American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!

  10. Land & Indian Policies • John Quincy Adams: • His land policies gave westerners another reason to dislike him. • He attempted to curb speculation for public lands  his opponent accused him of denying their individual rights and freedoms to expand westward! • He supported the land rights of Native Americans against white settlers. • 1825  govt. officials negotiated a treaty with a group of Creek Indians to cede their land rights to GA. • The Creek Indians appealed to Adams to renounce the treaty. • Congress sided with the governor of GA.

  11. The 1828 Election • Jackson’s campaign was engineered by Senator Martin Van Buren of NY • He wanted to recreate the old Jeffersonian coalition of: • Northern farmers and artisans. • Southern slave owners. • Farmers with small land holdings. • He created the Democratic Party from the remains of Jefferson’s old party: • Created a national committee that oversaw local and state party units. • Mass meetings, parades, picnics. • A lot of political mudslinging on both sides.

  12. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

  13. 1828 Election Results

  14. The New “Jackson Coalition” • The Planter Elite in the South • People on the Frontier -West • Artisans [competition from factory labor]. • State Politicians spoils system • To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy! [William Marcy of NY] • Immigrants in the cities.

  15. Jackson as Satan Dangles the Spoils of Victory over his Supporters

  16. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

  17. The “Peggy Eaton Affair”

  18. Tariff of Abominations • Jackson pushes forth the Tariff of 1828 • Helps Northern industry • Southerners take exception • SC proposes/threatens Nullification • VP Calhoun (SC) chooses his side . . .

  19. Votes in the House for the “Tariff of Abomination”

  20. 1832 Tariff Conflict • 1832 --> new tariff –Don’t mess with Jackson! • South Carolina’s reaction? • Jackson’s response? • Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff • -Who won?

  21. Clays Sews Up Jackson’s Mouth (1834)

  22. Indian Removal • Jackson’s Goal? • 1830 Indian Removal Act • Cherokee Nation v. GA(1831)* “domestic dependent nation” • Worcester v. GA(1832) • Jackson:John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

  23. Indian Removal

  24. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

  25. The National Bank Debate PresidentJackson NicholasBiddle[an arrogant aristocrat from Philadelphia]

  26. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S. “Soft”(paper) $ “Hard”(specie) $ • state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely. • supported rapid economic growth & speculation. • felt that coin was the only safecurrency. • didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes. • suspicious of expansion &speculation.

  27. The “Monster” Is Destroyed! • “Pet Banks” • 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. • 1836  the charter expired. • 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

  28. The Bank & the 1832 Election • Jackson saw Biddle’s pushing forward a bill to renew the Bank’s charter earlier as an attempt to block his re-election! • Biddle & his associates preferred Clay. • Jackson refused to sign the bill to re-charter. • The Bank is trying to destroy me, but I will destroy it! • Jackson drops Calhoun and runs with Martin Van Buren. • BUT, both parties [Democrats & Whigs] had contradictory positions regarding their party principles, to many of the issues of the day!

  29. Positions on the Key Issues of 1832 WHIGS DEMOCRATS • Felt the widening gap between rich and poor was alarming. • Believed that bankers, merchants, and speculators were “non-producers” who used their govt. connections to line their own pockets. • Govt. should have a hands-off approach to the economy to allow the little guy a chance to prosper. • For Indian removal. • Oppose tariffs. • States’ rights. • Oppose federal support for internal improvements. • Opposed the National Bank. • Less concerned about the widening gap between rich and poor. • Opposed “liberal capitalism” because they believed it would lead to economic chaos. • Strong national govt. to coordinate the expanding economy was critical. • Opposes Indian removal. • Favored tariffs. • Supported a National Bank. Compare to today . . . .

  30. 1832 Election Results

  31. An 1832 Cartoon: “KingAndrew”?

  32. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren

  33. The Specie Circular (1836) • Speculators created “wildcat banks” that fueled the runaway inflation. • So, buy future federal land only with gold or silver. • This move shocked the system. • Jackson’s goal  to curb the land speculation.

  34. Results of the Specie Circular • Banknotes loose their value. • Land sales plummeted. • Credit not available. • Businesses began to fail. • Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!

  35. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844(one year before his death) 1767 - 1845

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