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Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models

Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models. Jim Davies, Nancy J. Nersessian, Ashok K. Goel {jimmyd, nancyn, goel}@cc.gatech.edu Program in Cognitive Science Georgia Institute of Technology. Outline. Background: where these ideas are coming from

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Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models

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  1. Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models Jim Davies, Nancy J. Nersessian, Ashok K. Goel {jimmyd, nancyn, goel}@cc.gatech.edu Program in Cognitive Science Georgia Institute of Technology Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  2. Outline • Background: where these ideas are coming from • Our computational account of visual analogy • Examples: radiation problem and Maxwell’s case study Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  3. Motivation • People use analogy and visual reasoning when problem solving • In Scientific theory creation • Nersessian’s cognitive-historical analysis of Maxwell • Psychological studies support this Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  4. This Work • This work builds a new, cognitively informed, computational theory of visual analogy for problem solving, one form of which is scientific discovery. • We hypothesize that representing problems as visual abstractions facilitates the analogical process in problem solving. Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  5. Visual Analogy • Visual analogy is analogy with visual elements Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  6. Neuron432: on Neuron479: off Neuron200: off Neuron136: off Neuron326: on Neuron344: on Bitmap Images Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  7. Symbolic Images Symbolic Image contains contains contains circle square triangle right-of inside Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  8. Symbols Are Mapped Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  9. Goel’s Computational Work • Structure-Behavior-Function: Goel et al. 1997 • IDEAL: Bhatta & Goel 1997 • Generic Teleological Mechanisms • ToRQUE: Griffith, Nersessian, Goel 2000. • Generic Structural Transformations Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  10. Primitive Visualization Language (Privlan) • Primitive visual transformations (privits) • Primitive visual elements (privels) • Symbolic images (simages) Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  11. Privits: Primitive Visual Transformations • Decompose (object, number) • Move (object, new-location) Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  12. Privels: Primitive Visual Elements • Line (thickness, start point, end point) • Generic-Visual-Element (size, location) Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  13. System: Galatea Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  14. Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  15. Maxwell’s Model Development Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  16. Generic Abstraction Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  17. Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  18. Primitive Visualization Language (Privlan) • Primitive visual transformations (privits) • Add-component, decompose, move • Primitive visual elements (privels) • Circle, line, generic-visual-element • Symbolic images (simages) Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  19. Conclusions • Galatea has been applied to two examples, supporting our computational theory of visual analogy and Privlan. • This implementation has provided support for visual interpretations of the Duncker case and Nersessian’s interpretation of the Maxwell case. • We conjecture that visual representations and generic abstractions are useful for a wide variety of problem-solving instances, including scientific discovery. Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

  20. Thank You • http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research /visual-analogy/ Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001

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