Chapter 5 Appreciating Individual Differences: Self-Concept, Personality, Emotions

1. Chapter 5Appreciating Individual Differences: Self-Concept, Personality, Emotions Amy Cross Austin Clark Julie Grabow Dominic Muduri Timothy Anna

2. Self-Esteem vs. Self-Efficacy • Self-esteem • A belief about one’s own self-worth based on an overall self evaluation • Self-efficacy • A person’s belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific tasks

3. Self-monitoring The extent to which a person observes their own self-expressive behavior and adapt it to the demands of the situation How Good Are You at Self Monitoring?

4. Self-Management Social Learning Model Person (Psychological Self) • Symbolic coding • Rehearsal • Self-talk Behavior • Behavior changes needed for self-improvement Situational cues Consequences • Reminders and attention focusers • Self-observation data • Avoidance of negative cues • Seeking of positive cues • Personal goal setting • Self-contracts • Self-reinforcement/self- punishment • Building activities into the task that are naturally rewarding (e.g. activities that increase one’s sense of competence, self- control and purpose) • Reinforcement from relevant others

5. Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional Stability Openness to Experience Outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive Trusting, good-natured, cooperative, softhearted Dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistent Relaxed, secure, unworried Intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded The Big Five Personality Dimensions Personality Dimension Characteristics of a Person Scoring Positively on the Dimension

6. Locus of Control: Self or Environment? • Internal Locus of Control • One who believes they control the events and consequences that affect their lives • External Locus of Control • Those who believe that their performance is the product of circumstances beyond their immediate control