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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [ THALES UWB Impulse Radio System ] Date Submitted: [ January 3rd, 2005 ] Source: [(1) Serge HETHUIN, Isabelle BUCAILLE, Arnaud TONNERRE, Fabrice LEGRAND,

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Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

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  1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [THALES UWB Impulse Radio System] Date Submitted: [January 3rd, 2005] Source: [(1) Serge HETHUIN, Isabelle BUCAILLE, Arnaud TONNERRE, Fabrice LEGRAND, (2) Dr. Jurianto JOE] Company [(1) THALES Communications France, (2) CELLONICS] Address [(1) 146 Boulevard de VALMY, Colombes 92704 FRANCE (2) 20 Science Park Road 117674SINGAPORE] Voice:[(1) : +33 (0)1 46 13 24 44, (2) : (65) 68 74 90 10] E-Mail:[(1) : serge.hethuin@fr.thalesgroup.com, (2) : juriantoj@cellonics.com] Re: [Response to Call for Proposals] Abstract: [This document proposes THALES Communications’s PHY proposal for the IEEE 802.15.4 alternate PHY standard] Purpose: [Proposal for the IEEE802.15.4a standard] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. THALES Communications

  2. THALES Communications, CELLONICS Proposal for IEEE 802.15.4a Serge HETHUIN (THALES Communications) Dr. Jurianto JOE (CELLONICS) UWB Impulse Radio THALES Communications

  3. Contents • Proposal overview • System description • Location Awareness THALES Communications

  4. Proposal overview THALES Communications

  5. Transmitter Receiver FPGA Pulse Generator BB RF PA LNA time DATA DATA PRP = 40 ns, PRF = 25 MHz max UWB Impulse Radio System THALES Communications

  6. UWB Pulse and Spectrum Objective: Pulse with 500MHz BW 5.1-5.6GHz sub-band is turned off. (enhance coexistence) FCC Mask • Example: • 4ns Gaussian Pulse • 1st Frequency Center • = 3.35GHz • 10dB BW= 500MHz • Tx Power (average) • = - 14.3dBm THALES Communications

  7. Proposal main features • Low Power Consumption: • Very Simple Architecture • One Bit ADC • Low Cost: • CMOS Implementation • HighLocation Accuracy: • Narrow Pulse~75cm in 70m region (AWGN) • Scalability: • by using : • compression gain • different PRFs •  350kbps @70m, … , 25Mbps @10m THALES Communications

  8. System Description - PHY layer characteristics - Topologies and access protocol - Solution maturity THALES Communications

  9. Data Rate PRF (MHz) Modulation Compression gain (Spread Factor) Pulses / bit 25 Mbps 25 OOK 1 1 396 kbps 25 OOK 63 63 2.5 Mbps 2.5 OOK 1 1 357 kbps 2.5 OOK 7 7 166 kbps 2.5 OOK 15 15 PHY layer: Parameters • 4ns Gaussian Pulse • Data Rate depends on: •  compression gain (~ Spread Factor) •  PRF THALES Communications

  10. Parameters Value 350kbps 70m Value 25Mbps 10m Units Center Frequency 3350 3350 MHz Transmit Power (4ns Gaussian Pulse) -14.3 -14.3 dBm PRF 2.5 25 MHz Spread Factor 7 1 Data Rate 357 25000 kbps Path Loss at 1m 44 44 dB Distance 70 10 m Decay coefficient 2.0 2.0 - Additional Path Loss at 70m,10m 37.0 20.0 dB Implementation Loss 2.0 2.0 dB Antenna gain 0.0 0.0 dBi Required Eb/N0 @BER=0.001 10.0 10.0 dB Noise Power Density -174 -174 dBm Receiver Total NF 7.0 7.0 dB Margin 4.9 4.9 dB PHY layer: Link Budget THALES Communications

  11. TRANSMITTER Spreading & Modulation DATA PG LNA Digital PHY BPF • Digital Block • Matched Filter • Signal Acquisition • Tracking • Ranging • Etc. • <100kgates Non-coherent detector DATA RECEIVER LNA BB amp 1-bit ADC PHY layer: Transceiver architecture MAC THALES Communications

  12. Specifications RFFrequency 3350±250MHz (10dB BW) Modulation OOK Spreading Coded Sequence Kasami (15, 63) and Gold (7) Despreading Digital Matched Filter PRF 25MHz, 2.5MHz PHY layer: Modulation & Spreading THALES Communications

  13. Digital Domain Code Correlator DATA PHY layer: Synchronization • Synchronization in 2 steps: • Pulse Edge detection • Sequence Correlation using Digital Matched Filter THALES Communications

  14. Code 2 Code 1 PAN Coordinator Anchor node Code 3 Coordinator FFD (Full Function Device) RFD (Reduced Function Device) Topologies and access protocol Multiple Access: CDMA (inter-piconet) 802.15.4 (intra-piconet) THALES Communications

  15. Code 2 Code 1 PAN Coordinator Anchor node Code 3 Coordinator FFD (Full Function Device) RFD (Reduced Function Device) Topologies and localization Node to be located THALES Communications

  16. 2 1 0/4/8 n 2 Bytes: Data Payload MAC Sublayer Frame Control CRC Seq. # Address 4 1 1 Bytes: PHY Layer Frame Length Preamble SFD MPDU PPDU Frame format THALES Communications

  17. 4 ns 2-component UWB IR Generator DATA 4 ns FPGA Technical Feasibility and Maturity TRANSMITTER THALES Communications

  18. Technical Feasibility and Maturity Square-law Detector DATA FPGA RECEIVER THALES Communications

  19. Communication Analyzer FPGA RX FPGA TX Recovered PN Sequence PN Sequence Binary Data OOK BB Pulses Variable Attenuator Prototypes characterization with a Test Bed • Communication Analyzer: • Generates PN Sequence Binary data to feed into FPGA TX. • FPGA TX: • Encodes the binary data into OOK BB pulse and feeds it into the UWB Pulse Generator. • Variable Attenuator: • Allows S/N to be varied. • UWB receiver: • Converts the UWB signal to OOK BB pulse and feeds into FPGA RX. • FPGA RX: • Decodes the pulses into binary data and feeds them back to the communication analyzer. • Communication analyzer: • Internally compares the recovered sequence with the generated sequence. THALES Communications

  20. Results of transceivers testing • Consumption:  Tx=15 mA, Rx=25 mA  Comparable to Tx and Rx power consumption in 802.15.4 • Data rate and range: • 25 Mbps : 15m (@ RF power=-14dBm) • 250 kbps : 150m • Location Accuracy: • 75cm with a range up to 70m THALES Communications

  21. Location Awareness THALES Communications

  22. FFD (Anchor) RFD FFD (Anchors) RFD Location Awareness • Multilaterationfor Location Awareness: • Two modes with at least 3 known-position nodes  Two-way ranging method (RTT based)  One-way ranging method (TOA based) • High Location Accuracy: •  AWGN: 75cm @ 70m Range THALES Communications

  23. Mode 1: Two-Way Ranging method (TWR) • Advantages  Each measurement can be done sequentially • Possible extension to the case without anchors • Synchronization • No need of fine Sync. • Accuracy  Error is the combination of the detection in the two nodes THALES Communications

  24. Wireless/Wired Network RTT (d2) Anchor 2 RTT (d3) Control station Processing station & Data Base d2 Anchor 3 d3 Calculation of the Node Location based on the RTTs and the Reference Locations Distance d1 Node RTT(d1) Anchor 1 TWR System Deployment No need of Synchronization by a node Asynchronous Anchors THALES Communications

  25. TWR Based Measurement Interrogation from anchor 1 Answer received in anchor 1 Answer from anchor 1 RTT(d1) information sent to the server Anchor 1 Node to be located RTT(d1) time RTT(d2) information sent to the server Anchor 2 Node to be located RTT(d2) time RTT(d3) information sent to the server Anchor 3 Node to be located RTT(d3) time THALES Communications

  26. Mode 2: One-Way Ranging method (OWR) • Advantage • Can relax the RFD specifications • Transmit Only • No need of detection in the node to be located • Accuracy • Accuracy depends only on the clock of the FFD • Synchronization More touchythan using RTT/TWR THALES Communications

  27. Wireless/Wired Network TOA : t0+t3 Anchor 2 Control station Processing station & Data Base TOA : t0+t2 t2 Anchor 3 Synchronization station t3 Calculation of the Node Location based on the TOAs and the Reference Locations Node TOA : t0+t1 t1 Anchor 1 OWR System Deployment Synchronization by a node THALES Communications

  28. Signal sent by the node to be located Node to be located time TOA(t0+t1) information sent to the server t1 Anchor 1 TOA(t0+t2) information sent to the server t0+t1 t2 Anchor 2 TOA(t0+t3) information sent to the server t0+t2 t3 Anchor 3 t0+t3 time t0 OWR Based Measurement THALES Communications

  29. On-going tasks • Multipath study • Modulation improvements • FDMA extension • Localization experiments: • In free space, rural and urban environments • Comparison with MATLAB simulations • Coherent receivers: • Comparison with non-coherent receivers THALES Communications

  30. Conclusion • UWB IR main features: BW=500MHz 4ns Gaussian Pulse with PRF of 25MHz/2.5MHz • OOKmodulation Very low complexity and Very low cost Scalable (25Mbps at 10m, …, 350kbps at 70m, …) • Location Awareness: • Two possible modes: TWR or OWR • 75cm in 70m region (AWGN) THALES Communications

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