Challenges , Opportunities and Recommendations

1. SUPPORTING HUMAN CAPACITY AND SKILLED WORKFORCE FOR RENEWABE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT Challenges, Opportunities and Recommendations Jensen Shuma (TaTEDO)

2. OUTLINE • Introduction • Capacity for RE in Tanzania • Capacity Development Cycle • Capacity for Different Stakeholders • Types of Human Capacity Needs • Challenges • Opportunities • Recommendations

3. Introduction • Tanzania is endowed with diverse forms of renewable energy resources, ranging from biomass and hydropower to geothermal, solar, and wind. • Much of this potential has not been fully exploited. • Renewable energy (excluding large hydro) accounts for only about 4.9 % of generation capacity

4. Capacity for RE in Tanzania • Almost all RE resources above have not been exploited fully due to • Inadequate Human Capacity (in terms of quantity and quality), • Meagre Resources for Developing RE • Inadequate facilities for fabricating local RE products • Capacity development for RE is required in Tanzania for individuals, groups, organizations and Country to increase ability to perform functions, solve problems and achieve objectives • The RE sector is facing problems of • Low availability of financial capitals • Institutional capacity constraints • Need for RE education and awareness • Inadequacies in policies and regulatory framework

5. Capacity Development Cycle • The capacity development has been passing through the following cycle: Capacity Assessment Monitoring and Evaluation Define Capacity Development Goals and Strategies Implementation (trainings, facilities, etc)

6. Capacity for Different Stakeholders • Public Sector (Capacity required at National and Local Levels) • Legal and regulatory firms • Public sector RE institutions • Local Government Energy Sections • RE policies and strategies can not reach local potentials if local governments are not capable of enforcing laws and programme management

7. Private Sector • Development of link between public and private sector is needed to enhance renewable energy infrastructure and RE systems • Capacity required for private sector include business capacity, technical capacity (in terms of knowledge, skills and experiences) and financial capitals, • Also a need for developing Public-Private Partnership–share capacity(Power Producers and Small Power Producers, biomass companies, etc) • Example: TaTEDO through AREED developed capacity energy entrepreneurs and established RE subsidiary companies (RE electricity and biomass energy)

8. Community Members • Introduction of new RE technologies without training on how to use them –low uptake • Awareness of the technologies should be increased through promotions and demonstration for users understand RE technologies • RE technologies users should be trained on how to use energy productively (for income generation) • Example: TaTEDO has managed to promote and demonstrate RE technologies in more than 200 villages

9. Civil Society Organisations • CSOs are important for defining community needs and initiate development programmes • Provide capacity building trainings (technical, business, institutional, advocacy, project planning, etc) • Example: TaTEDO through different project has trained more than 500 solar technicians, 1200, stove artisans, 500 SMEs, etc

10. Human Capacity Needs for RE • Strategic and Leadership Capacity (managerial, policy, strategies, planning, etc) • Skills for Knowledge management (best practices, energy statistics, communication, etc) • Expertise enhancement (technical, business and marketing) • Knowledge for intervening communities • The country has limited capacity and inadequate experience of renewable energy development,

11. Existing RE Skills • The energy expertise in the local market is for fabricating and installing small energy systems mainly biomass, solar and wind • The existing local capacity and experiences is a result of the Government and NGO efforts (TaTEDO, TAREA, etc) • There are increasing chances of private entrepreneurial engagement in the RE sector • Establishment of REA speeded up RE capacity efforts – heavily on electricity and not fuels • There are firms in the institutional structure such as EWURA, TGDC, GST, etc

12. Selected RE Courses offered by HLIs UDSM • M. Sc. Course in Renewable Energy, • M Sc Course in Energy Engineering • PhD, MSc. and BSc Courses in Electrical Engineering • M.Sc. Course in Power Systems and High Voltages Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology • Ordinary Diploma in Electrical Engineering Mbeya University of Science and Technology • Bachelor of Electrical and Electronic Engineering • Ordinary Diploma in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Forgotten Areas • Biomass energy (liquid, gaseous, and solid), wind, small hydro, and tidal/waves,

13. Challenges • Lack or Inadequate RE courses in the Education Systems and Curricula (from Primary to High Learning Institutions) • Lack of Research Centres for developing new skills and lessons from the RE sector • Heavy reliance on external expertise which undermine local skills and knowledge, • Inadequate skills, data and RE planning tools, • Limited local capacity in developing large RE systems (geothermal, solar farms, wind farms, tidal/waves and other mini-grids) • Lack of awareness to consumers on standards and technology choices.

14. Challenges...... • Inability and limited human capacity to reach wide spread rural communities by the grid and large RE projects • Most of few courses in HLIs are related to electricity and fuels have been left aside (especially biomass –consumed by 90% of pp • Inadequate skills and experiences in unbundling the power sector- involving local governments or the private sector

15. Opportunities • The country has trainable people who could receive capacity building skills • Tanzania is endowed with unexploited RE resources which can generate electricity and fuels (solar, wind, hydro, etc) • Availability of supportive funding sources for RE long and short courses(from private sector, corporate sector, government, development partners, etc) • Wide choice of RE training options from the national and international institutions • Existence of local governments which enables to reach local communities

16. Opportunities… • Existing of chances for studying RE courses in abroad (geothermal, renewable energy, etc) • The gap of skills and human capacity in the RE sector means opportunity for opening RE training institutions • RE sector could become job booster for trainers in rural and urban areas

17. Recommendations • Integrating more RE courses in the Education systems (biomass, solar, wind, geothermal, etc) • Establish Scheme for developing RE workforce by offering to interested students long and short courses • Need for generating new skills and knowledge by establishing RE research centre • Increase expertise and skills of RE through study tours, short term trainings, exchange programmes, etc • Improvement of RE vocational training and capacity building projects • Need for establishing the RE Training Institute ( for capacity building trainings and related studies) • Develop skills of undertaking RE business at all levels

18. Thank For more information, please contact TaTEDO, P. O. Box 32794, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel +255 22 2700438/2700771, Fax: +255 22 2774400 Email: energy@tatedo.org, Website: www.tatedo.org You!