1. Conquests and Empires Ms. Berry Social Studies 6th grade

2. Warm Up: • Why are laws important today?

3. Lesson Focus: • How did early civilizations protect themselves and keep order with in their societies?

4. Cause and Effects of Conflict • Most wars were fought over farmland and water rights. • No natural boundaries • City-states put up pillars to mark borders • Pillars were destroyed and cities were taken over • New weapons were created- war chariot

5. Sargon the Conqueror • First known conqueror • Was the King of the city-state Kish • Established an empire with his army • Became first emperor • Capital city was Akkad • Akkadians adopted the Sumerian culture • He ruled for 55 years • Created the first paid army • 2300 B.C. the empire weakened

6. Hammurabi the Lawgiver • 1790-1750 B.C. Hammurabi, King of city-state Babylon conquered and reunited most of Mesopotamia • Babylonian Empire • Promoted trade and building projects • Created a system of taxation- everyone paid their share • Best known for his collection of laws- Code of Hammurabi • By 1600 B.C. the Babylonians were conquered

7. Code of Hammurabi • 282 laws • Dealt with daily life topics such as marriage, divorce, adoption, slaves, murder, stealing, military service, land, business, loans, prices, and wages • Set standard punishments • Introduced the idea of equal justice or fair treatment under the law • However, this equality was limited to social class

8. Wonders of the Ancient World • The Hanging gardens of Babylon • Created by Nebuchadnezzar II, ruler of Babylon from 605 to 562 B.C. • A series of terraced gardens that had elaborate irrigation systems • Said that he built them to please his wife who missed the forested mountains of her homeland • http://www.unmuseum.org/hangg.htm

10. The Assyrians • Had a great desire to control trade routes • Conquered neighbors one by one using war chariots • United their empire by building roads • Capital city was Nineveh • 612 B.C. the empire was brought down by Medes, invaders from the Northwest

11. Exit Ticket: • How did the people of Mesopotamia maintain order and protect themselves from outsiders?