Read antifreeze article— how did the gene evolve?

1. Warm Up—Pick up last mastery checklist, article, and poster from backToday’s standards: 2C2, 4C, 2E Read antifreeze article— how did the gene evolve? How did the env influence the selection of gene? Tell your Shmoop points—top one tells me

2. Main Idea: Gene duplication creates a situation in which one copy of the gene maintains its original function, while the duplicate may evolve a new function

3. Announcements • Review Today 6:50 or 3:10 • Mingle Thurs/Fri • 33 days until test • Exit quiz—3B, 3D, 2E, 4C this week + review quiz • Last Poster due next Thurs/Fri • Next Sat—Practice Test 8am

4. FRQs Fitness for Points • Come in periods 1, 2, 6, or office hours. Need a written permission from a teacher if coming in during class. • Pick an FRQ and write for minimum 20 min • Score FRQ in a different color • Write your score and a reflection on what you learned at the bottom of your paper • Hand me the FRQ. Make sure it is clear if you want to receive 5 TEST points or clear 2 missing assignments

5. Responding to environment • Behavioral • Physiological Think of examples of each

6. Make a graphic organizer • Responding to environment -genes -cells -animals -plants

7. Genes respond to environment • Operons • Antifreeze article

8. Cells respond to environment • During development cells signal other cells to differentiate

9. Cleavage • Repeated mitotic divisions of zygote • 1st step to becoming multicellular • unequal divisions establishes body plan • different cells receive different portions of egg cytoplasm & therefore different regulatory signals

10. Cleavage • zygote  morula  blastula • establishes future development zygote gastrulation blastula morula

11. gastrulation inprimitive chordates Gastrulation • Establish 3 cell layers--Differentiation • ectoderm • outer body tissues • skin, nails, teeth • nerves, eyes, lining of mouth • mesoderm • middle tissues • blood & lymph, bone & notochord, muscle • excretory & reproductive systems • endoderm • inner lining • digestive system • lining of respiratory, excretory & reproductive systems ectoderm mesoderm endoderm protostome vs. deuterostome

12. Testing… All of the following correctly describe the fate of the embryonic layers of a vertebrate EXCEPT A. neural tube and epidermis develop from ectoderm B. linings of digestive organs and lungs develop from endoderm C. notochord and kidneys develop from endoderm D. skeletal muscles and heart develop from mesoderm E. reproductive organs and blood vessels develop from mesoderm

13. Testing… In a study of the development of frogs, groups of cells in the germ layers of several embryos in the early gastrula stage were stained with five different dyes that do not harm living tissue. After organogenesis (organ formation), the location of the dyes was noted, as shown in the table below. Tissue Stain Brain Red Notochord Yellow Liver Green Lens of the eye Blue Lining of the digestive tract Purple

14. Neurulation • Formation of notochord & neural tube • develop into nervous system develops into CNS (brain & spinal cord) Neural tube Notochord develops intovertebral column

15. Organogenesis Umbilical blood vessels Mammalian embryo Chorion Bird embryo Amnion Yolk sac Allantois Fetal blood vessels Placenta Maternal blood vessels

16. Plants respond to environment -Seeds respond to water and hormones -Fruit responds to ethylene (ripening hormone) Flowers respond to pH of soil

17. Animals respond to environment • Hibernation • taxis and kinesis • shivering and sweating • Circadian rhythm

18. Hibernation follows annual rhythm ingolden-mantled ground squirrels Five animals were isolated at birth and kept in darkness at 3oC

19. Testes growth and feather molt in stonechats follows annual cycles Nestlings were removed from Kenya and reared in Germany with constant temperature and photoperiod and yet retain annual molt and testes cycles. Notice that the clock period drifted.

20. Horseshoe crabs mate on full moonwhy?

21. Neap tide Sun and moon are perpendicular, tidal excursion is least Spring tide Sun and moon align, tidal excursion is greatest Lunar position affects the tides

22. Neap tide Sun and moon are perpendicular, tidal excursion is least Spring tide Sun and moon align, tidal excursion is greatest Lunar position affects the tides

23. Isopod activity follows tides Isopods are usually covered with water at high tide. They retain this activity even when kept in the lab with no tidal fluctuation.

24. Seasonal testis growth in white-crowned sparrows - light triggered? H1: There is a photosensitive time window which follows a 24 h period. H2: Early spring day length triggers testes growth.

25. Clock mechanisms • Location of the clock • Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus • Pineal gland • Clock genes • Period • Timeless • Tau (doubletime)

26. Mammal and bird clocks reside in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), which is in the hypothalamus

27. Before the movie • What is needed to germinate a seed? My guess Bozeman 2)Stem cells are undifferentiated, how do cells become differentiated? My guess Bozeman