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The Hellenistic World

The Hellenistic World. Alexander the Great (336-323 B.C.). Alexander the man Educated by Aristotle Idealized Achilles Believed to be the son of Zeus Tamed his horse Bucephalus at the age of 10. Alexander the Great in Persia. Alexander the Great’s Empire.

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The Hellenistic World

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  1. The Hellenistic World

  2. Alexander the Great (336-323 B.C.) • Alexander the man • Educated by Aristotle • Idealized Achilles • Believed to be the son of Zeus • Tamed his horse Bucephalus at the age of 10.

  3. Alexander the Great in Persia

  4. Alexander the Great’s Empire

  5. Building Greek Cities in the East

  6. Trade in the Hellenistic World

  7. Death of Alexander, 323 B.C • Arrived in Babylon. • Falls ill and dies on June 10, 323 B.C. • Leaves behind wife Roxane and son • Body sent to Egypt. • Chaos reigns after his death.

  8. Alexandria, Egypt The Greatest City in The Hellenistic World The tower reached a height of 384 feet, equivalent to a 40-story modern building. Encased in fine white marble, the beacons summit was topped with a magnificent statue, most likely of Poseidon, the Lord of the seas. As the tallest building on Earth , the Lighthouse of Alexandria was illuminated by fire and its flame magnified by a mysterious mirror. The mirror, possibly made of polished bronze, was said to have reflected light more than 35 miles offshore. Pharos (Lighthouse) of Alexandria The seventh wonder of the world... It was destroyed by an earthquake in the 13th century.

  9. Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)

  10. Alexandria Museum Museum was dedicated to the Greek god Muses, the Greek Goddess of the arts and sciences. Contained art galleries, a zoo, botanical gardens, and a institution of advanced study.

  11. Hellenic Art (Classical Art) Stiff, symmetric, and not very expressive. Very little realism and not much emotion shown.

  12. Hellenistic Art Hellenistic sculptures were more realistic and natural. The Hellenistic realism expressed temporary emotional conditions, pain and suffering. The sculptors did emphasize religious and moral values, but took it further in a sense that the secular viewpoint became more important.

  13. Hellenic vs. Hellenistic Art This is Hellenistic sculpture. We see pathos not found in Classical sculpture and larger than life. Three sculptors created this masterpiece and it tells a story. The death of Laocoon and his 2 sons by a sea serpent happened because he told his countrymen about the dangers involved in bringing the Greek wooden horse within the walls of Troy. We see the emotion, pain and anguish in larger-than-life sculpture.**This sculpture greatly influenced Michelangelo.

  14. Hellenism:The Arts & Sciences • Scientists / Mathematicians: • Aristarchus • Euclid • Archimedes • Ptolemy

  15. A Golden Age of Science and Medicine • Astronomy • Aristarchus of Samos (c. 310-230 B.C.) • Heliocentric view of the universe • Hipparchus • Invented astrolabe • Distance from earth to moon.

  16. Ptolemy’s – Geocentric Theory This theory will be taught until the until the early 1600’s.

  17. Archimedes of Syracuse (287-212 B.C.) • Geometry of spheres and cylinders • Value of pi • Hydrostatics *law of specific gravity *formulated the principle of the lever, the pulley and the screw *invented: compound pulley, tubular screw for pumping water, screw propeller for ships, the burning lens "Give me a place to stand on, and I will move the world."

  18. Euclid (c. 300 B.C.) • Elements • Developed geometry Wrote Elements of Geometry, which was a compilation of his own and other mathematician's works. Book was used up the 1900’s.

  19. Eratosthenes (c. 275-194 B.C.) • Earth round, circumference of 24,675 miles • Latitude and longitude • Sail west to India • Calculated the circumference of earth (24,675 miles) with an error of less than 200 miles • Produced accurate map with earth divided into degrees of latitude and longitude • Advocated the theory that all oceans are really one • First to suggest sailing west to reach India

  20. Alexander’s Legacy • Hellenistic Age (“to imitate Greeks”) • Monarchy • Military strength, divine rule • Culture • Art, architecture, language, literature • Cities The death of Alexander marked the beginning of a new stage in Greek history. The Hellenic civilization was replaced by the Hellenistic and the fusion of culture and intermingling of peoples resulting from Alexander's conquests .Gradually a new pattern of civilization emerged based on a mixture of Greek and Oriental elements. This Hellenistic culture spoke Greek, had despotic governments, leaned towards extravagance in art and love of luxury, consisted of an economic system that featured state-controlled big business with ruthless competition, and a philosophy of defeatism that resulted in a loss of logic and the power of the mind to religions based on faith. Greek language, art, architecture and literature spread to the near east.. Established 70 military colonies and or cites bearing his name Alexandria.

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