Trojan War

1. Arrival – Calchas – first man to set foot on Troj. Soil will die Nobody wants to go first, Odysseus throws shield Protesilaus goes next, killed by Hector, who is heir to Troy Trojan War

2. 9 years of siege During this time, Achilles goes off on own, conducts many raids Odysseus sent on mission to Thrace to get grain, comes back empty handed Palamedes scorns him, Ody challenges Pal to do better. He does. Ship full of grain. Trojan War

3. Odysseus had never forgiven Palamedes for threatening the life of his son. In revenge, Odysseus conceived a plot where an incriminating letter was forged, from Priam to Palamedes, and Agamemnon's gold was planted in Palamedes' quarters. The letter and gold were "discovered", and Agamemnon had Palamedes stoned to death for treason. Trojan War

4. Palamedes' father Nauplius sailed to the Troad and asked for justice, but was refused. In revenge, Nauplius traveled among the Achaean kingdoms and told the wives of the kings that they were bringing Trojan concubines to dethrone them. Many of the Greek wives were persuaded to betray their husbands, most significantly Agamemnon's wife, Clytemnestra, who was seduced by Aegisthus, son of Thyestes. Trojan War

5. Near the end of the ninth year since the landing, the Achaean army, tired from the fighting and from the lack of supplies, mutinied against their leaders and demanded to return to their homes. According to the Cypria, Achilles forced the army to stay. According to Apollodorus, Agamemnon brought the Wine Growers, daughters of Anius, son of Apollo, who had the gift of producing by touch wine, wheat, and oil from the earth, in order to relieve the supply problem of the army. Mutiny

6. Ach doesn't want to fight – mad about Briseis Asks his mother, Thetis, to gain Zeus' favor Zeus punishes Agamemnon, favors Trojans, Trojans are winning the war Both armies finally gather on field of battle for first time Achilles

7. Both armies gathered in full for the first time since the landing. The gods get involved. With the assistance of Athena, Diomedes then wounded the gods Aphrodite and Ares. During the next days, however, the Trojans drove the Achaeans back to their camp and were stopped at the Achaean wall by Poseidon. The next day, though, with Zeus' help, the Trojans broke into the Achaean camp and were on the verge of setting fire to the Achaean ships. Menelaus and Paris fought a duel, which ended when Aphrodite snatched the beaten Paris from the field. Sound unrealistic? Story of David and Goliath The Duel

8. The account of the battle between David and Goliath is told in 1 Samuel, chapter 17.[3] Saul and the Israelites are facing the Philistines near the Valley of Elah. Twice a day for 40 days, Goliath, the champion of the Philistines, comes out between the lines and challenges the Israelites to send out a champion of their own to decide the outcome in single combat, but Saul and all the Israelites are afraid. David, bringing food for his elder brothers, hears that Saul has promised to reward any man who defeats Goliath, and accepts the challenge. Saul reluctantly agrees and offers his armor, which David declines, taking only his sling and five stones from a brook. David and Goliath confront each other, Goliath with his armor and shield, David with his staff and sling. "The Philistine cursed David by his gods." but David replies: "This day Jehovah will deliver you into my hand, and I will strike you down; and I will give the dead bodies of the host of the Philistines this day to the birds of the air and to the wild beasts of the earth; that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel, and that all this assembly may know that God saves not with sword and spear; for the battle is God’s, and he will give you into our hand."[4] David hurls a stone from his sling with all his might and hits Goliath in the center of his forehead, Goliath falls on his face to the ground, and David cuts off his head. The Philistines flee and are pursued by the Israelites "as far as Gath and the gates of Ekron". David puts the armor of Goliath in his own tent and takes the head to Jerusalem, Duels in the ancient world

9. Achilles still won't fight. Best friend, Patroclus, puts on the armor of Ach and leads Ach's men back into battle. Greeks start winning. Patroclus drives Trojans back to their city walls. About to storm city, but Apollo intervenes. Hector meets Patroclus on battlefield, duels and kills him. Patroclus

10. Enraged that Patroclus has been killed, Achilles finally returns to the fight. Challenges Hector to a duel Hephaestus makes new armor for Achilles, who goes on a killing spree. Finally locates Hector. Epic fight. Achilles and Hector

11. Hera, Zeus and Athena assist Achilles Hector has taken Ach's old armor from Patroclus and is wearing it Achilles knows there is a weak point in his old armor near the throat, and drives his spear into the gap in the armor Achilles and Hector

12. Achilles killed Hector, and afterwards he dragged Hector's body from his chariot and refused to return the body to the Trojans for burial. The Achaeans then conducted funeral games for Patroclus. Afterwards, Priam came to Achilles' tent, guided by Hermes, and asked Achilles to return Hector's body. The armies made a temporary truce to allow the burial of the dead. Achilles and Hector

13. Achilles kills many demigods, and the other gods decide it is time for him to die In battle, Paris fires an arrow (with a little help from Apollo – ancient smart weapons) Strikes Achilles in the heel, becomes infected, and Achilles dies Achilles still considered undefeated Death of Achilles

14. The battle rages around Achilles' dead body Ajax takes command of Greek forces and drives Trojans back, while Odysseus retrieves Ach's body and returns it to their lines Death of Achilles

15. Homer describes as great stature, largest and strongest of the Greeks Intelligent, but not cunning Trained by Chiron Only Trojan War character who does not receive substantial assistance from the gods Became invulnerable when Hercules offered a prayer to Zeus and wrapped him in his lion's skin – armpit was not touched, so became weakness Ajax

16. When Achilles' armour was offered to the smartest warrior, the two that had saved his body came forward as competitors. Agamemnon, unwilling to undertake the invidious duty of deciding between the two competitors, referred the dispute to the decision of the Trojan prisoners, inquiring of them which of the two heroes had done most harm to the Trojans. Alternatively, the Trojans and Pallas Athena were the judges in that, folowing Nestor's advice, spies were sent to the walls to overhear what was said. A girl said that Ajax was braver, while Athena decides on Odysseus The Judgment of Arms

17. Ajax enraged, swears to kill fellow Greeks Athena causes a madness and he kills cattle instead When he comes out of the madness, he is distraught, throws himself on his own sword – pierced his armpit, only vulnerable spot Older tradition – seeing he was invulnerable, the Trojans buried him with clay so he could not move and starved to death The Judgment of Arms

18. Calchas had prophesied that the war couldn't be won without the bow of Hercules. Odysseus has returned from Lemnos with Philoctetes Phil uses the bow to shoot and kill Paris Odysseus gains entry to Troy by disguising himself as a beggar (ancient world custom of hospitality) Helen recognizes him. She is homesick, and asks for his help. Back to the War

19. Odysseus plans the Trojan Horse. It is built by Epeius, a Greek soldier. Although he is a good boxer during the funeral games, he has a reputation for being a coward in battle. Athena gives him the plans for the horse in a dream. Plaque on the horse says: “The Greeks dedicate this thank-offering to Athena for their return home.” The Trojan Horse

20. The Greeks leave the horse at the city gates during the night (30 soldiers inside, including Odysseus), and the Greek fleet sails out of sight. Troy was a famous center for horse training, and was known for having 12 immortal horses. Various versions on their origin. Some say gift from Zeus. In one story, they are stolen by Hercules. Horses also sacred to Poseidon. Prophet Laocodon tries to warn against taking the horse, but Poseidon sends sea serpents to kill him. Cassandra also warns against accepting the horse, but nobody believes her. The Trojan Horse

21. The Trojans bring the horse into the city, and that night, have a huge victory feast (like what we saw in the video). Lots of drinking, lots of food, everybody passes out. During the night, once everyone is asleep, Odysseus and his warriors come out from their hiding place and the slaughter begins. Priam killed. Helen has taken a new husband since Paris died (Deiophobus). New hubby also killed by Menelaus (original hubby). Menelaus is going to kill Helen (so why fight the war?) but is struck by her beauty and returns her to the ships instead. The Aftermath

22. Ajax Jr. rapes Cassandra on the alter of Athena while she is clinging to the statue. Odysseus orders him to be stoned to death, but Jr. escapes Cassandra given to Agamemnon as a war prize Odysseus receives Hecuba (Priam's wife, queen of Troy) Hector's infant son is thrown from the walls, ending the royal line of Priam. The Aftermath

23. The Greeks level Troy, including the statues and altars to the gods. The gods are angered by this, and declare that most of the Greeks will not return home. Nestor (a king) is the only Greek that does not participate in the looting. He receives a swift return journey home. Ajax Jr.'s ship is destroyed in a storm, sent by Athena Philoctetes makes it to Italy, builds a temple to Apollo, and puts the bow of Hercules in it. The Aftermath

24. Menelaus and his ships are blown off course and land in Egypt Must make sacrifices to the sea nymph Proteus to make it home. Takes 8 years before Menelaus makes it back home to Sparta. Agamemnon returns home with new bride Cassandra, who prophesies that Clytemnestra is plotting to kill Ag. He does not believe her. Clytemnestra avenges their daughter, Iphigenia, by killing him while he is bathing. House of Atreus