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PCD

PCD. Objective 3.02 Prenatal Development Pre= __________ Natal=__________. Prenatal Development TERMS. Egg (ovum) female cell needed for reproduction Sperm male cell needed for reproduction. Conception -the union of an ovum and sperm, resulting in the beginning of a pregnancy

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PCD

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  1. PCD Objective 3.02 Prenatal Development Pre= __________ Natal=__________

  2. Prenatal Development TERMS • Egg (ovum) • female cell needed for reproduction • Sperm • male cell needed for reproduction • Conception-the union of an ovum and sperm, resulting in the beginning of a pregnancy • http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/wmv/vastv0433.wmv

  3. What happens during conception? • Male and female reproductive cells unite after sexual intercourse. • Sperm & Egg UNITE/join, come together • Sperm that enter uterus quickly swim into the Fallopian tubes. • If an ovum/EGG is present, the sperm swarm/crowd around the ovum/EGG and try to break through the surface. • In most cases, only ________________ sperm is successful. • At fertilization, the sperm seals out/stops the remaining sperm, which eventually die. • Once the ovum/EGG has been fertilized, it attaches to the wall of the uterus/IMPLANTATION! • Menstruation stops until the pregnancy is over. • You won’t have a period ladies!!! • The male determines the sex of the child. • ALWAYS • XY=_______________ OR XX=___________________

  4. Let’s SEE Conception for ourselves!! • http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/wmv/vastv0433.wmv

  5. Ovulation • Once a month a woman’s egg is released from the ovaries

  6. Fallopian Tube • Pair of tubes connecting the egg from the ovary to the uterus.

  7. Uterus • Organ in a woman’s body where a baby develops during pregnancy.

  8. Implantation • Process of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall.

  9. Amniotic Sac • “Bag” surrounding baby in uterus that holds amniotic fluid

  10. Amniotic Fluid • Liquid that surrounds and protects the developing baby in the uterus during pregnancy “My water broke.” is a term women use. It’s your amniotic sac that broke and the amniotic fluid comes out.

  11. Placenta • Tissue in the uterus of a pregnant woman that is rich in blood vessels and plays a role in bringing food and oxygen from the mother’s body to a developing baby

  12. Blastocyst • A hollow ball of cells from the fertilized egg that implants itself into the uterus lining

  13. Umbilical Cord • Long tube that connects the placenta to the developing baby during pregnancy; carries food and oxygen to the baby

  14. Full Term • Child carried the entire nine months of pregnancy.

  15. Hormones • Chemicals in the body that cause changes

  16. Trimesters • 3 month period • 3 trimesters = full term pregnancy • 1st trimester – months 1, 2, 3 • 2nd trimester – months 4, 5, 6 • 3rd trimester – months 7, 8, 9

  17. Which trimester is this??

  18. Prenatal Terms • Quickening • 4-5th month • When mother feels that baby move • Lightening • Baby drops into pelvic area before birth

  19. Order of Development • A baby’s development is grouped into three stages: • Zygote • Embryo • Fetus.

  20. 1st Stage: Zygote/Fertilized Egg • Conception-2 weeks of pregnancy • fertilized egg and implantation • Travels down fallopian tube and attaches itself to uterus • Grows by cell division • Divide and become two and so on and so on. • 2 weeks, size of pinhead

  21. Zygote

  22. 2nd Stage: Embryohttp://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits/embryo/embryo.html# • 3-8 weeks • 1st-Mass of cells develop into all major systems of the body • 2nd-Sac filled with fluid forms around embryo • 3rd-Placenta • 4th-Umbilical Cord

  23. Embryo

  24. The Stages of Zygote & Embryo Division multiply

  25. Let’s take a closer look!!! • http://bit.ly/10wwxe

  26. 3rd Stage: FetusAKA: Final Stage • 2nd-9th Month • 1st time child is called fetus • Human-like features • Fetal movement • 4th and/or 5th month • Labor occurs • Baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born

  27. Fetus

  28. Fetus

  29. First TrimesterMonth 1-3 • Month 1 • Egg attaches to lining of uterus • Internal organs and circulatory system begin to form • The heart begins to beat • Small bumps indicate the beginning of arms and legs • About the size of a pinhead at two weeks

  30. First TrimesterMonth 1-3 • Month 2 • Face, eyes, ears, limbs take shape • Bones begin to form • About ¼ inch long as month begins

  31. First TrimesterMonth 1-3 • Month 3 • Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, and eyelids form • Fingers and toes complete • All organs present, although immature • About 1 inch long as month begins

  32. 1st Trimester OVERVIEW Do not copy • Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks after fertilization • Fertilized egg reaches uterus and attaches to thick lining • Cell division begins • Then starts the Embryo stage-3 to 8 weeks after conception • Embryo becomes firmly attached to uterus • All major organ systems form • Placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord formed by end of this stage • Embryo at 4 weeks • 1/6 of an inch long • Backbone, spinal column and nervous system are forming

  33. Second TrimesterMonth 4-6 • Month 4 • Can suck its thumb • Swallow • Hiccup • Move around • Facial features become clear • About 3 inches, 1 ounce as month begins

  34. Second TrimesterMonth 4-6 • Month 5 • Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appear • Teeth continue to develop • Organs are maturing • Becomes more active • About 6 ½ inches long and 4-5 ounces

  35. Second TrimesterMonth 4-6 • Month 6 • Fat deposits under skin, but fetus appears wrinkled • Breathing movements begins • 8-10 inches long and 8-12 ounces as month begins

  36. 2nd TrimesterOVERVIEW Do not copy • Stage of the fetus • Baby recognizable as human • All internal organs present, but not functioning • Quickening: 4th–5th month fetal movement felt • Fetus at 14 weeks • muscles lengthen and become organized • Fetus at 16 weeks • Can grasp with hands, kick and somersault • Fetus at 20 weeks • Can hear and recognize mothers voice • Fingernails and fingerprint appear • Sex organs are visible • Fetus at 24 weeks: • Covered with a fine hair • Protected by a waxy substance called vernix • Breaths in amniotic fluid

  37. Third TrimesterMonth 7-9 • Month 7 • Periods of activity followed by periods of rest and quiet • 10-12 inches long and 1 ½ pounds

  38. Third TrimesterMonth 7-9 • Month 8 • Weight gain rapidly • May react to loud noises with reflex jerking action • Moves into a head down position • 14-16 inches and 2 1/2 -3 pounds as month begins

  39. Third TrimesterMonth 7-9 • Month 9 • Weight gain continues until the week before birth • Skin becomes smooth as fat deposits continue • Movements decrease as the fetus has less room to move around • Acquires disease-fighting antibodies from the mother’s blood, • Descends into pelvis, ready for birth • 17-18 inches longs and 5-6 pounds as month begins

  40. 3rd Trimester OVERVIEW Do not copy • Period of the fetus • Last 3 months of pregnancy • Fetus is capable of living outside the womb • LIGHTENING occurs – baby shifts downward and feels more comfortable in upper abdomen • Sleeps 90-95% of the day • Birth at 40 weeks • At birth, placenta detaches from uterus as lifeline and child takes first breath on their own

  41. Fetal Development • What does my baby look like? • Growth of a baby is a continuous process • Often conveys a sense of awe • Month 1 • Month 2 • Month 3 • Month 4 • Month 5 • Month 6 • Month 7 • Month 8 • Month 9

  42. First TrimesterMonth 14 weeks At the end of the four weeks • ¼ inch in length • Heart, digestive system, backbone and spinal cord begin to form • Placenta (afterbirth) begins to develop • The single fertilized egg is now 10,000 times larger than size at conception

  43. First TrimesterMonth 28 weeks At the end of 8 weeks: • 1-1/8 inches long • Heart is functioning • Eyes, nose, lips, tongue, ears and teeth are forming • Penis begins to appear in boys • Baby is moving • although the mother can not yet feel movement

  44. First TrimesterMonth 312 weeks At the end of 12 weeks: • 2 1/2 to 3 inches long • Wt. ½ - 1 oz • Baby develops recognizable form, arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet and toes nails, and earlobes are formed • Eyes are almost fully developed • Baby has developed most of his/her organs and tissues • Heart rate heard at 10 weeks with a special instrument called a Doppler

  45. Second TrimesterMonth 416 weeks At the end of 4 months: • 6 1/2 to 7 inches long • Wt. 6-7 oz • Baby is developing reflexes, such as sucking and swallowing and may begin sucking his/her thumb • Tooth buds are developing • Sweat glands are forming on palms and soles • Fingers and toes are well defined • Sex is identifiable • Skin is bright pink, transparent and covered with soft, downy hair • Although recognizably human in appearance, the baby would not be able to survive outside the mother's body

  46. Second TrimesterMonth 520 weeks At the end of 5 months: • Baby is 8 to 10 inches long • Weight is about 1 pound • Hair begins to grow on baby's head • Soft woolly hair called lanugos will cover its body. Some may remain until a week after birth, when it is shed. • Mother begins to feel fetal movement • Internal organs are maturing • Eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes appear • Your breasts may begin to leak a yellowish fluid called colostrum in preparation for breastfeeding

  47. Second Trimester Month 624 weeks At the end of 6 months: • Baby is 11 to 14 inches long • Weight is about 1 3/4 to 2 pounds • Eyelids begin to part and eyes open sometimes for short periods of time • Skin is covered with protective coating called vernix • Baby is able to hiccup

  48. Third Trimester Month 728 weeks At the end of 7 months: • Baby is 14 to 16 inches long • Weight is about 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 pounds • Taste buds have developed • Fat layers are forming • Organs are maturing • Skin is still wrinkled and red • If born at this time, baby will be considered a premature baby and require special care

  49. Third Trimester Month 832 weeks At the end of 8 months: • Baby is 16 1/2 to 18 inches long • Weight is about 4 to 6 pounds • Overall growth is rapid this month • Tremendous brain growth occurs at this time • Most body organs are now developed with the exception of the lungs • Movements or "kicks" are strong enough to be visible from the outside • Kidneys are mature • Skin is less wrinkled • Fingernails now extend beyond fingertips

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