Chapter 10: The Union in Peril ERA 5: Civil War & Reconstruction 1850-1877

1. Section 1: The Devise Politics of Slavery Section 2:Protest, Resistance, and Violence Section 4: Slavery & Secession Chapter 10: The Union in PerilERA 5: Civil War & Reconstruction 1850-1877

2. I Will Gain an Understanding of: • 5.1: The causes of the Civil War • 5.2: The course and character of the Civil War and its effects on the American people  • 5.3: How various reconstruction plans succeeded or failed

3. *** 5 Causes of the Civil War (1861-1865)

4. 1. Economic & Social Differences North vs. South • South-“plantation” economy depends on slave labor. • Agrarian society • North – “Industrial “ economy • Urban society • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUKA8jQQlkk

5. 2. State Rights vs. Federal Rights • Does the federal government have the right to tell states how to govern themselves? • Slavery – “is a states rights issue, not a moral issue” • South = federal government has no right to intervene

6. 3. Slave States vs. Non Slave States • Missouri Compromise(1820) – maintains balance of free vs. slave states. Prohibits spread of slavery north of latitude 36 30” • Wilmot Proviso (1846)– bans slavery in all lands acquired From Mexico

7. 3. Slave States vs. Non Slave States • Compromise of 1850: • 1. California admitted as a free state • 2. Utah & New Mexico : people’s vote determined free or slave state status • 3.Slave trade abolished in Washington, D.C. • 4. Fugitive Slave Act –any official who did not arrest runaway slaves had to pay fine.

8. 3.Slave States vs. Non Slave States • Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854 • “Popular Sovereignty” People’s vote to decide if admitted as slave or free • Missouri Compromise overturned!

9. 3. Slave States vs. Non Slave States (cont’d) • 1854-1855 Pro slavery farmers from Missouri moved to Kansas and voted! • Abolitionists/anti slavery residents fought back • Violence erupted • “Bleeding Kansas”

10. 4. Growth of Abolition Movement • Northerners support abolition movement • John Brown & Harper’s Ferry – (1859) • Wanted to: • Arm slaves • seized arsenal in Virginia • was captured, & hanged for treason

11. John Brown’s Raid in American Memory- Virginia Historical Society • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bB_kbFAui-U

12. Owen Brown’s (son) Tombstone in Altadena

13. 4. Growth of Abolition Movement (CONT’D) • Harriet Beecher Stowe writes “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” • “the book that made this great war”, A. Lincoln • humanizes slaves • Brought evils of slavery to attention of Americans • strong emotional appeal • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFfMPCfKqGg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijFy4RjYGbQ

14. The Abolitionists PBS – Who is Harriet Beecher Stowe? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijFy4RjYGbQ

15. 4. Growth of Abolition Movement • The Underground Railroad- a network of meeting places, secret routes, passageways and safe houses • used by slaves in the U.S. to escape slave holding states to northern states and Canada. • Harriet Tubman – Most famous of the underground railroad conductors

16. What You Never Knew About Harriet Tubman - Smithsonian • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQ85z9vggYM • http://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/will-harriet-tubman-be-first-woman-20-bill-n357936

17. 5. The Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott Case 1857: • a slave lived in Missouri (slave state) • Master moved to free state (Illinois) • Scott sued for freedom after master’s death

18. 5. The Dred Scott Decision • The Supreme Court justices addressed three questions: • 1. Could a black person be a citizen and therefore sue in federal court? • 2. Did residence in a free state make Scott free? • 3. Did Congress possess the power to prohibit slavery in a territory?

19. 5. The Dred Scott Decision (Cnt’d) • Dred Scott vs. Sanford • Court decision:all African Americans are not citizens, making them ineligible to sue in federal court

20. 6. Abraham Lincoln • The Republican party platform: • Denied the validity of the Dred Scott decision • Opposed slavery's expansion • Added economic initiatives • Without a single vote in ten southern states, Lincoln was elected the nation's sixteenth president • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L80_q2tPveo

21. 6. Abraham Lincoln (Cnt’d) • Lincoln’s Presidential Platform: • 1. Non extension of slavery • 2. Rights for immigrants • 3. Transcontinental Railroad • 4. Federally financed infrastructure in the west • 5. Free homesteads for citizens

22. 6. Abraham Lincoln (Cnt’d) • Southern States threatened to leave if Lincoln won… • Dec 20th, 1860 – 4 days after election- • South Carolina seceded (broke away)… • Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas followed

23. 6. Abraham Lincoln (Cnt’d) • Feb. 1861 the “rebel” south formed Confederate States of America • Named Jefferson Davis as their President

24. *** Slavery & Southern Society

25. Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin (1793) • Machine removed seeds from cotton faster • “King Cotton” became #1 cash crop south • Demand for slaves increased : from 1 million to 4 million in 50 yrs.

26. “King Cotton” • The American south produced more than ½ of the world’s entire supply of cotton! • Northernmills converted cotton into fabric • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KlISIvrFbLs&list=PLirlbrwLIQMkSbqOVm5-Ukj898schJzsy

27. Slave Life

28. TED Ed; What Few Textbooks Told You About Slavery • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NXC4Q_4JVg

29. America the Story of Us, 2010 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TnHKwtXEVTQ&list=PLirlbrwLIQMkSbqOVm5-Ukj898schJzsy&index=2 • “The Slave Auctions”

30. Slaveholders: Statistics • By 1860… • 12% owned twenty or more slaves • 1% owned 100 or more slaves • “Large slaveholders a minority within a majority”

31. Southern Social Pyramid • 1. Planter Aristocracy – • over 100 slaves & 1,000 acres of land (1% of population) • 2. Farmers –less than 20 slaves, hundred acres of land • 3. Yeoman –Small farmers did not own slaves • 4. “White Trash” – owned no land. Poor whites. • 5. African Slaves

32. The Abolitionists, PBS-Frederick Douglass’ Escape to Freedom • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMd5G4RpFLk • Frederick Douglass • Born into slavery escaped to the north • Abolitionist – wrote and spoke against slavery • Held government positions after the war ended.

33. Angelina and Sarah Grimke • Grew up in Southern luxury, family owned slaves • Left everything behind moved to the north to join abolition movement • Delivered lectures about the evils of slavery in the north

34. The Abolitionists – Angelina Grimke- PBS • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcYivpmTYBM • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMd5G4RpFLk • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MILN_17KH6M

35. Reflection Abolitionists dedicated their lives to raising awareness about the evils of slavery. 1. Is there a cause that you care deeply about? How would you create awareness about that issue here on campus?

36. Section 1: the Civil War Begins Section 2: the Politics of War Section 3: Life During Wartime Section 4: The North Takes Charge CHAPTER 11: Civil War 1861-1865

37. Taking Sides… • North • Union Army • President Lincoln • Includes Border states: Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky (slave states) • South • Confederate Army • President Jefferson Davis

38. So… What was the War’s purpose? • Lincoln initially insisted that slavery was irrelevant to the conflict. • Why? To keep border slave states loyal to the north • War’s purpose (initially) “to preserve the union” or keep the country together

39. First shots fired April, 1861 • at Fort Sumter • Charleston, South Carolina • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9p7V7GrHjE

40. Southern Advantages • Advantages: Confederate soldiers were highly motivated fighters. • 1. Fought on their territory • 2. Had highly trained generals • 3.Acess to Waterways

41. Southern Disadvantages • Disadvantage: South had a population of 9 million, 3.5 million were slaves • Less Resources • Limited means of transportation & Infrastructure • Lack of Money

42. Northern Advantages • The Union had many advantages: • 1. Manufacturing • 2. railroad mileage • 3. financial resources • 4. Larger Population of 22 million

43. Northern Disadvantages • 1. Required movement of troops, supplies • 2. Required more men

44. Did California Participate in the Civil War? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aOaXf4CgFY • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekI4sAxkJCE • California Drum Barracks and Civil War Museum, Wilmington California

45. Profile of a Civil War Soldier • Average age: 25 years old • Conscription (draft) laws were passed in north and south • Wealthy men could hire substitutes to fight in their place ( north and south) • “A rich man’s war, but a poor man’s fight”

46. Civil War Letters • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMzSibpHPfQ • James and Annie Colwell • How the war affected an average family

47. Examining Civil War Letters – Virginia Tech Special Collections • 1. In small groups read the following letters: • 2 letters of your choice • http://spec.lib.vt.edu/cwlove/index.html • Read: Letter to Ettie, Letter to Hattie, 1 of your choice • 2. Answer the following questions for each letter/document • What is the purpose of the letter? • What is the value of the document? • What is the limitation of the document?

48. Children of Civil War Veterans Reminisce about their Fathers – Nat Geo (2014) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3UCRBZ-qlWM • Discussion question: • Describe any aspect of the documentary clip that helped you understand something more thoroughly than before or caused you to think in a new way.

49. Civil War Photo Collection – Library of Congress • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yn-YsAmjkIE • Discussion question: • Describe any aspect of the documentary clip that helped you understand something more thoroughly than before or caused you to think in a new way.

50. African American Soldiers • Joined Union army • Received less pay, • African American Soldiers received $7 • White Soldiers received $13 • Received less supplies and uniforms