1 / 48

Immigration and Urbanization

Immigration and Urbanization. Chapter 7 US 2 - Peterson. What’s Your Story?. Immigration. Old (pre 1890). New. North/West Europe WASP White Anglo-Saxon Protestant Typicaly affluent Some Germans/Irish assimilated Dry Dominated rural US. South/East Europe (+Irish) Diverse Group

cooper
Download Presentation

Immigration and Urbanization

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Immigration and Urbanization Chapter 7 US 2 - Peterson

  2. What’s Your Story?

  3. Immigration Old (pre 1890) New • North/West Europe • WASP • White Anglo-Saxon Protestant • Typicaly affluent • Some Germans/Irish assimilated • Dry • Dominated rural US • South/East Europe (+Irish) • Diverse Group • Catholics, Orthodox, Jewish • Usually Poor • Chinese/Japanese on west cost • Wet • Urban settlement

  4. Why Go to America? • Push factors • Famine (Irish) • Lack of Land • Escape Persecution (Rel./Pol.) • Jews - Pogroms • Pull Factors • Economic Opportunity (industrial revolution) • “Birds of Passage” – Migrant work/send money home

  5. European • 20 Million between 1870-1920 • Euro population reached 400M • Doubled from 1800-1900

  6. Chinese and Japanese • Chinese • Gold Rush • RR work • Smaller numbers (300K from 1850-1883) • Japanese • Hawaiian Planters (US territory 1898) • Relative High Wages

  7. Mexican/Islander • Islander • 260K • Cuba, Jamaica, PR • Come for Jobs • Mexican • As much as 7% of the population leaves for America • New Irrigation techniques in west • More farm land/demand for labor

  8. Difficult Journey • Steamship • Euro 1 week, Asian 3 weeks • Usually in Steerage • Reach point of Entry

  9. Ellis Island Virtual Tour

  10. Angel Island Asian Point of Entry Harsh questioning Unsanitary conditions

  11. Surviving in America • Homogeneous neighborhoods • Social Clubs, orphanages, churches

  12. ? • American….Melting Pot? • or Salad Bowl?

  13. Immigration Restrictions • Old stock pride themselves on “Melting Pot” • Large Numbers of Immigrants leads to increase in NATIVISM

  14. Nativism Ok with immigration from the “right countries” – WASP Ethnic/Religious prejudices KKK #’s will grow, American Protective Association, Immigration Restriction League

  15. Nativism also strong in labor movement

  16. Anti-Asian Chinese Exclusion Act – 1882 Banned entry to all Chinese Except students, teachers, merchants tourist and government officials

  17. Gentleman's Agreement 1907-8 • San Fran School board segregates Japanese students • Teddy Roosevelt makes deal…end segregation if Japan limits immigration of unskilled labor

  18. Section 2 Urbanization

  19. Growth is focused in NE and Mid West • “Hit and Stick” Immigration • Examples • NYC has twice the Irish as Dublin • More Italians than Rome • Americanization Movement • Efforts to assimilate large numbers of immigrants • Gov & Volunteer organizations

  20. Domestic Migration • Cities also grow as machinery decreases the demand for laborers on farms • Africans Americans leave south

  21. Urban Issues Housing – cramped tenements

  22. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lived

  23. More Issues… • Transportation • Water • no safe access • Cholera/Typhoid • Sanitation • Horse Manure/Sewage • Garbage • Crime – Limited police forces • Fire – No water/cramped conditions

  24. Reform Efforts Social Gospel – salvation through service to the poor Settlement Houses – community centers located in slums…provide services to poor (mostly immigrant) Jane Addams – Chicago’s Hull House Overall…provide support, health care, education…etc

  25. Gilded Age Politics Section 3

  26. The Political Machine • Organized group that controls the politics of a city – Party, Votes, Courts, Police • Bosses controlled • Access to Jobs • Support for Business • Some used for good… • Naturalization, housing, support • Expect loyalty in return

  27. Graft/Fraud of Machines Election Fraud - “Vote Early and Often” Graft – taking advantage of a position for personal gain Kickbacks Bribes

  28. Tweed will flee to Spain. Is eventually arrested after recognized from Thomas Nast cartoon

  29. National Corruption • Patronage – giving government jobs to political supporters AKA Spoils System • Unqualified, corrupt • Reformers want a merit based hiring system for civil service jobs • Civil Service – Government jobs

  30. Presidents Grant -1868 Hayes – 1876 Garfield – 1880 (assassinated) Arthur – 1881 Cleveland – 1884 (Dem) Harrison – 1888 Cleveland – Again 1892 McKinley - 1896

  31. Rutherford Hayes • Corrupt deal w/South • Didn’t win popular vote • Tried to clean up process but no Congressional Support • Looks into Customhouses • Fired Machines Appointments • Republicans Split

  32. Election of 1880 • Hayes done • Republicans split on reform • Stalwarts • Anti-Reform…keep it as is • Halfbreeds – Reformers • Anti-patronage • Republicans end up nominating • Garfield - Pres, reformer ties • Arthur – VP – strong stalwart ties

  33. Garfield/Arthur win 1880 • July 2, 1881 – Charles Guiteau assassinated Garfield • “I did it, I will go to jail for it, I am a Stalwart and Arthur is now president”

  34. Chester A Arthur • Arthur now becomes reformer • Urges congress to pass Pendleton Civil Service Act • Job placements based on applicants examination • Tenure

  35. 1884 – Grover Cleveland • First Democrat in 28 years • Wants to lower Tariff • Congress doesn’t support

  36. Business Buys Influence Spoils system is over…now political power come from few major players instead of the masses of supporters Big Business wants a high protective Tariff

  37. Tariff Battle • Free Traders • No Tariff • Farmers • People feel treasury has too much $$ • Protectionist • High Tariff • Big Business • Protect American manufacturing

  38. Ben Harrison - 1888 Harrison – 1890 will increase tariffs

  39. Cleveland Again - 1892 Only president to serve two non-consecutive terms Tariff bill passes without his signature McKinley (1896) will increase Tariff

More Related